. Bycatch, a national concern. Fishery management United byaid:MdifficMJlt'i There are many obstacles to effective bycatch control. KHOwieJ^e^ gc^^. Scientific information is often poor, especially on the magnitude of dis- cards and unobserved mortality; animals' ability to escape fishing gear; economic and social impacts of bycatch; effects of regulations on target and nontarget species; and the ecological conse- quences of both discarding and fiiU utilization. PeasibUlty. Some proposed innovations and incentives may be too difficult or costly to im- plement. Market-driven measures,
. Bycatch, a national concern. Fishery management United byaid:MdifficMJlt'i There are many obstacles to effective bycatch control. KHOwieJ^e^ gc^^. Scientific information is often poor, especially on the magnitude of dis- cards and unobserved mortality; animals' ability to escape fishing gear; economic and social impacts of bycatch; effects of regulations on target and nontarget species; and the ecological conse- quences of both discarding and fiiU utilization. PeasibUlty. Some proposed innovations and incentives may be too difficult or costly to im- plement. Market-driven measures, or those The Regional Fishery IVIanagement Councils work with industry to develop bycatch depending on individual accountability, may require changes in applicable statutes. And con- flicting state and federal fishery regulations may impede bycatch reduction. Pailure' to use^ seiectwt^ aeay. Many fishing operations are financially marginal and unable to invest in more selective gear or fishing prac- tices. They may also simply be unaware of innovations in other countries or fisheries. Or gear experts may not be available to demon- strate or fine-tune new gear. tnJbercucdom bett^^eefvfUkerles. Measures to control a fishery's bycatch frequently have both anticipated and unanticipated effects on other fisheries. For example, vessels that have reached their bycatch "cap" often shift operations to other areas and target species, altering bycatch patterns there. Time or area closures, gear restrictions, and other measures can have similar impacts and sometimes, what solves one bycatch problem creates another, as when modifying tuna fishing practices to avoid catching dolphins results in increased bycatch of immature tunas and other species. Even with selective fishing gear and practices, and progressive regulations, some level of bycatch is going to be unavoidable. This is espe- cially true when the target and bycatch species are similar sizes, school together, a
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