Proclamation of The Old Pretender, James Francis Edward Stuart by Louis XIV of France, 1701, proclaiming him King James III of England and James VIII of Scotland
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender, was the son of King James II and VII, the monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife Mary of Modena. His Catholic father was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 only months after his birth, and his Protestant older half-sister Mary II and her husband William III of Orange became king and queen. The Bill of Rights 1689 and Act of Succession 1701 excluded Catholics from the British throne, and James was raised in exile. After his father's death in 1701, James claimed the English, Scottish and Irish thrones as James III of England and Ireland and James VIII of Scotland, in which he was supported by his Jacobite followers and his cousin Louis XIV of France. In 1715, he unsuccessfully attempted to gain power in Britain during the Jacobite Rising of 1715. On his father's death in 1701, James was recognised by King Louis XIV of France as the rightful heir to the English and Scottish thrones.[1] Spain, the Papal States, and Modena also recognized him as King James III of England and VIII of Scotland and refused to recognise William III, Mary II, or Anne as legitimate sovereigns. As a result of his claiming his father's lost thrones, James was attainted for treason in London on 2 March 1702, and his titles were forfeited.
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Keywords: 1701, british, claim, disputed, edward, england, engraving, family, father, france, francis, history, iii, illustration, image, jacobite, james, king, louis, overthrown, picture, pretender, proclaiming, proclamation, royal, royals, royalty, scotland, stuart, succession, throne, viii, william, xiv
