. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. 138 INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF ANIMALS [Salmon and Smith, Annual Reports of the Bureau of Animal Industry (1885-1895) ; Smith, Hog Cholera Group of Bacteria, Bulletin No. 6, Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, p. 9 (1894); Smith and Moore, Experi- ments on the Production of Immunity in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs With Reference to Hog Cholera and Swine Plague Bacteria, Ibid., p. 41; Welch, Report of Investigations Concerning the Causation of Hog Cholera, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin No. 1 (1889).] Tetan
. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. 138 INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF ANIMALS [Salmon and Smith, Annual Reports of the Bureau of Animal Industry (1885-1895) ; Smith, Hog Cholera Group of Bacteria, Bulletin No. 6, Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, p. 9 (1894); Smith and Moore, Experi- ments on the Production of Immunity in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs With Reference to Hog Cholera and Swine Plague Bacteria, Ibid., p. 41; Welch, Report of Investigations Concerning the Causation of Hog Cholera, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin No. 1 (1889).] Tetanus.—Tetanus, or lockjaw, is an infectious disease (toxemia) in which the specific organism remains at the place of inoculation. It is charac- terized by spasmodic contraction of the muscles, referable to the nervous system, and by the absence of obvious tissue changes. It is the result of the absorption of the toxin produced by the tetanus bacillus. All mammalia, including man, are sus- ceptible. It occurs most frequently in horses, asses and mules ; next to them, in the smaller ruminants, such as the sheep and goat; it appears least often in the dog. It is reported to occur rarely in birds, and fowls are supposed to be immune. The human species is very susceptible. Tetanus is reported to be more prevalent in hot climates than in temper- ate ones, while in the very cold latitudes it is rarely if ever en- countered. It is more frequently met with in some districts than in others. It is, however, a wide- ""*• . i spread disease. The tetanus ba- * 1 f?\\ cillus forms spores which are at W /' • the end of the organism. (Fig. 120.) It is found in the soil. Mold rich in horse-manure seems to be the most favorable abode for it. The tetanus bacillus is very resistant, especially in its spore form, to destructive agents, such as drying and the ordinary disinfectants. Kitasato found that a 5 per cent solution of carbolic acid applied for ten hours failed to kill the spore
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