. The cereals in America. Grain. 350 THE CEREALS IN AMERICA. also attacked freely by those insects which attack wheat and maize. (156) Rye is perhaps as freely injured by black stem rust and orange leaf rust as wheat, oats and barley. (146) It is also rarely attacked by a smut (Urocystis occulta (Wallr.) Rabh.). Treatment of seed with hot water at 127° F. is recommended. The greatest enemy of rye, however, is ergot, sometimes known as spurred or horned rye {Claviceps purpurea Tul.). Ergot is readily recognized by the very much enlarged and changed appear- ance of the grain caused by the growth
. The cereals in America. Grain. 350 THE CEREALS IN AMERICA. also attacked freely by those insects which attack wheat and maize. (156) Rye is perhaps as freely injured by black stem rust and orange leaf rust as wheat, oats and barley. (146) It is also rarely attacked by a smut (Urocystis occulta (Wallr.) Rabh.). Treatment of seed with hot water at 127° F. is recommended. The greatest enemy of rye, however, is ergot, sometimes known as spurred or horned rye {Claviceps purpurea Tul.). Ergot is readily recognized by the very much enlarged and changed appear- ance of the grain caused by the growth of the fruiting spores. It is from these diseased grains that the ascospore stage develops the next year. Rye containing ergot should not be sown and land which has produced the diseased rye should not be sovm to rye again for two or three years. It is desirable, in case the crop has been diseased, to put the land in some cultivated crop the succeeding year in order to prevent the growth of volunteer rye, which is very likely to be diseased and thus continue the trouble. Rye contain- ing ergot should not be fed to domestic animals nor eaten by persons because of the serious effect which may follow from such use. 489. Harvesting. — Rye usually ripens Ergot on spike of rye. about a wcck ill advancc of winter wheat. (After ciintori.) q^^ accouiit of the greater length of culm, heavy crops of rye are likely to tax the capacity of self-binding har\'esters. Rye may be shocked as indicated for wheat. (i6i) But ordinarily it is not necessary to cap rye because the spikes lie so close to- gether as to form a sufficient pro- tection without capping. On ac- count of the much higher price which can be obtained for straight rye straw as compared with tangled straw, threshing machines have been devised for keeping the straw straight during the opera- tion, and some of the machines have a self-binding attachment by which the stray straws is bound again into bundles. Machines. Please note
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