Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 154.—Shadow in the left renal area. calyx, rarely at its side. If the shadow is situated lateralto a calyx, or if it overlaps the outline of the calyx, its ex-trarenal nature may be inferred. A small shadow situatedso as to be obliterated in the pyelogram by the pelvic out-line would be difficult of identification. When the pelvicoutline is normal, it may be easy to confuse a shadow of anintrapelvic stone with that of an extrarenal object lying indirect line with the renal pelvi
Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 154.—Shadow in the left renal area. calyx, rarely at its side. If the shadow is situated lateralto a calyx, or if it overlaps the outline of the calyx, its ex-trarenal nature may be inferred. A small shadow situatedso as to be obliterated in the pyelogram by the pelvic out-line would be difficult of identification. When the pelvicoutline is normal, it may be easy to confuse a shadow of anintrapelvic stone with that of an extrarenal object lying indirect line with the renal pelvis. A stereoscopic pyelogram 186 PYELOGKAPHY might be of some aid in differentiation. In Fig, 154 a smallshadow is visible in the left kidney area at a short distancebelow the twelfth rib. In Fig. 155 the shadow is situatedlateral to and some distance from the apex of the uppermajor calyx. The calyces and the true pelvis are normalin outline. The relative position of the shadow and the. Fig. 155.—Renal stone (pyelogram of Fig. 154). calyx, as well as the absence of inflammatory dilatation,would determine the extrarenal nature of the shadow. A variable degree of dilatation of the entire pelvis or ofthe individual calyces may be demonstrated in the pyelo-gram in the majority of cases when a stone of appreciablesize is present in the kidney. The change in the pelvic out-line will be the result either of mechanical obstruction or ofinflammatory process, or of both. It must be remembered, RENAL STONE 187 however, that a stone may cause little or no apparent de-formity. Inflammatory Change.—Abnormality in the outline ofthe renal pelvis as the result of inflammation, as has beenpreviously described, is characterized by irregular dilata-tion of its various portions. The inflammatory changes inthe pelvic outline caused by stone commonly show a greaterdistention of the individual calyces than of the true the stone is situated in the pelvis without causingobstru
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectkidneys, bookyear1915
