. Mediæval and modern history . e Lateran , ,. . r, (^ -I the subordination of the temporal to at Rome ; aiter Jaeger, _ _ t ]Velte:cscJiii]ite) ^he spiritual authority, even in civil St. Peter gives to Pope Leo III affairs. This view was maintained by the stola and to Charlemagne SUch textS of Scripture aS these: Butthe banner of Rome as symbols ^^ jj^^^ jg spiritual judgeth all things,of the spiritual and temporal .> o 07 powers. The portrait of chaiie- yet lie himself is judged of uo man ;^magna here shown is with little ggg^ J ^.^^g t^jg day Set thee over the doubt the oldest in existen
. Mediæval and modern history . e Lateran , ,. . r, (^ -I the subordination of the temporal to at Rome ; aiter Jaeger, _ _ t ]Velte:cscJiii]ite) ^he spiritual authority, even in civil St. Peter gives to Pope Leo III affairs. This view was maintained by the stola and to Charlemagne SUch textS of Scripture aS these: Butthe banner of Rome as symbols ^^ jj^^^ jg spiritual judgeth all things,of the spiritual and temporal .> o 07 powers. The portrait of chaiie- yet lie himself is judged of uo man ;^magna here shown is with little ggg^ J ^.^^g t^jg day Set thee over the doubt the oldest in existence . 1 1 • i nations and over the kingdoms, to rootout, and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, tobuild, and to The conception was further illustrated bysuch comparisons as the following,— for in mediaeval times par-able and metaphor often took the place of argument: As God hasset in the heavens two lights, the sun and the moon, so has heestablished on earth two powers, the spiritual and the temporal;. 1 I Cor. ii. 15. ^ Jer, i. 10. § 116] REFORMS OF GREGORY VII 105 but as the moon is inferior to the sun and receives its light from it,so is the Emperor inferior to the Pope and receives all power fromhim.^ Again, the two authorities were likened to the soul and thebody; as the former rules over the latter, so is it ordered that thespiritual power shall rule over and subject the temporal. The first theory was the impracticable dream of lofty souls whoforgot that men are human. Christendom was virtually dividedinto two hostile camps, one supporting the imperial, the otherthe papal, claims. 116. Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) and his Reforms. Oneof the most eminent supporters of the papal claims was PopeGregor)- VII, better known by his earlier name of Hildebrand,the most noteworthy character, after Charlemagne, that the Mid-dle Ages produced. In the year 1049 ^^ was brought from thecloisters of the celebrated monastery of Cluny, in France, toRome, where he
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