. Elements of railroad track and construction . unt oftraffic and the crossing angle. A sixty-degree crossingfrog manufactured by the Ramapo Iron Works is shownin Fig. 70, the figure representing the intersection of tworails, four of these frogs being necessary for the inter-section of two single tracks. When the angle is greaterthan the angle of an ordinary turnout frog and the tracksare used equally, stiff frogs are used. Crossing frogs aresubject to all the objections of an ordinary stiff frog,and the amount of pounding that they receive underheavy traffic makes them very difficult to maint
. Elements of railroad track and construction . unt oftraffic and the crossing angle. A sixty-degree crossingfrog manufactured by the Ramapo Iron Works is shownin Fig. 70, the figure representing the intersection of tworails, four of these frogs being necessary for the inter-section of two single tracks. When the angle is greaterthan the angle of an ordinary turnout frog and the tracksare used equally, stiff frogs are used. Crossing frogs aresubject to all the objections of an ordinary stiff frog,and the amount of pounding that they receive underheavy traffic makes them very difficult to maintain, and 106 RAILROAD TRACK AND CONSTRUCTION. one year is a long life for them even when made of thebest material and design. A grade track crossing is one of the weakest spots in arailroad on account—(1) of the interruption of traffic ofboth roads, (2) danger, and (3) difficulty of main-tenance. In many instances a railroad has gone togreat expense and inconvenience to eliminate a grade-crossing, by substituting for it either an overhead or. Fig. 70. undergrade crossing. In some cases a grade-crossingis absolutely necessary on accoimt ,of local conditions,topographical or otherwise. The older road neverallows the newer road to cross its tracks at grade untilall possible expedients, legal and otherwise, to prevent it,have been exhausted, sometimes to the extent that theauthorities are called upon to compel the contendingforces to keep the peace. TURNOUTS. 107 ii6. Ordering Crossing Frogs.—Crossing frogs areordered either from the shops of the railroad or fromfirms who make a specialty of manufacturing them, andthe railroad must supply the following information:(1) gauge of track; (2) angle of crossing; (3) curvature,if any; (4) distance between centers of track, in caseeither road has more than one track; and also thefollowing information for the drilling of splice-bars:(1) the distance from the end of rail to the center offirst hole; (2) distance center to center of holes;
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