. Veitch's manual of the coniferae : containing a general review of the order, a synopsis of the species cultivated in Great Britain, their botanical history, economic properties, place and use in arboriculture, etc . caiusPinus, ^.^ (1880). Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 504 ; and Journ. R. Hor|. bor XH . -41. Mayr, Abiet. des Jap. Reielies, 69, t. 5, tig. 16. Beissner, Nar elliolzl^. 24,SP Massouiana,Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 174 (1847), not Lambert biel)old and Zuccarini. Fl. Jap. II. 24, tt 113, 114. Carriere Traite Conit. ed. II. 487. Murray, Pines and Firs of Japan, 23, with hgs. Go
. Veitch's manual of the coniferae : containing a general review of the order, a synopsis of the species cultivated in Great Britain, their botanical history, economic properties, place and use in arboriculture, etc . caiusPinus, ^.^ (1880). Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 504 ; and Journ. R. Hor|. bor XH . -41. Mayr, Abiet. des Jap. Reielies, 69, t. 5, tig. 16. Beissner, Nar elliolzl^. 24,SP Massouiana,Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 174 (1847), not Lambert biel)old and Zuccarini. Fl. Jap. II. 24, tt 113, 114. Carriere Traite Conit. ed. II. 487. Murray, Pines and Firs of Japan, 23, with hgs. Gordon, 1 met. ed. 11. sylvestris, Tlu^^beri,^ Fl. Jap. 274 (not Linn:i:us).Eng Japanese Black Pine. Germ. Japanische Scliwarzkiefer. Jap. Ivuro-nuitzu. Although very comnion throughout Japan except in the northern island oi Yeso, no recent botanical traveller in that country has, with certaintv, seen Pinm Tkmibergi growing wild. That it is indigenous to^ Japan admits of but little (loul)t, and it may also l)e assumed to be a native of Corea where it was seen l)y ^h: James H. Veitch in two or three localities apparently wild; its geographical range may thence be more extensive than was originally PINUS THU-\!GT. 385 Pinu^ Thunbergi is planted everywlicro thvougliout Japan and for•every conceivable purpose, for it will grow in the poorest as well asin the best soils ; it is used as a siidter iwv on the sea-coast forthe protection of the cultivated lands against the high winds l)lowingfrom the ocean; for the fixation oi sand dunes in the same way asP. Pinaster is used in the French Landes; it is planted in avenuesalong the public highways for hundreds of miles, often in conjunctionwith P. dpih^tjiora; it is also planteil on exhausted lands unht forother crops for the sake of its wood which supplies the fuel of manyof the poorer iidiabitants. But it is in its relation to horticulture andto the social and religious life of the .Japanese that P. llmnhergiassocia
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectconifers, bookyear190
