. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ed fromflat bar steel and are hardened their en-tire length. It is unnecessary to anneal,hob or retemper them. The flexible rakeand the natural clearance between theserrated face of the tool and the surfaceof the work, eliminate all unnecessary fric- of these machines have already beenplaced in service in some of the largestpipe shops in this country and are givingexcellent satisfaction. Primitive Screw are still made in India just asthey were made originally, by windingtwo soft


. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ed fromflat bar steel and are hardened their en-tire length. It is unnecessary to anneal,hob or retemper them. The flexible rakeand the natural clearance between theserrated face of the tool and the surfaceof the work, eliminate all unnecessary fric- of these machines have already beenplaced in service in some of the largestpipe shops in this country and are givingexcellent satisfaction. Primitive Screw are still made in India just asthey were made originally, by windingtwo soft wires together around a wires are then carefully separated,and one of them is soldered into a tubeor nut while the other is soldered to ashort rod. All the silversmiths maketheir screws in this way, and they are allleft-handed, for they are wound over andover by the right hand. Screw-bolts andscrew-presses were introduced by Europ-eans, and for many years all the cottonexported from India was compressed bya massive screw of wood, turned round bycattle yoked to a long lever. This screw. LANDIS PIPE THREADING AND CUTTING MACHINE. ti< hi at the cutting edge and make it pos-sible to operate at a very high speed. Lan-dis chasers will outlast all others from tento twenty times. Those belonging to the2-inch head can be used for both rightand left hand threading; but as the chaserholders of the 4-inch head are incorpora-ted in the head, this size is limited toright hand work. The most noteworthy feature of thistype of machine is the ease with which itmay be adjusted for the different sizes ofpipe. This is due to the fact that the diehead and gripping chuck have universaldiametrical adjustments, and that but oneset of chasers is required to cover therange of each die head. These machines are fitted with reamingattachments and cutting off tools and , ream and cut pipe in one continu-ous operation at a speed double that pos-sible on any other pipe machine. Sever


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