A history of the United States of America; its people and its institutions . incapable of properly performing, their official duties. This vicious system is now being rapidly set aside by the Civil Service Reform movement. Nullification.—While Jackson was doing evil in this direction he was doing good in another. The tariff of 1828 was extremely unpopular in the South, as it added considerably to the cost of goods which were received in exchange for cotton. John C. Calhoun declared that any State had the right to decide if such an act was constitutional, and, if not, to declare it null and voi
A history of the United States of America; its people and its institutions . incapable of properly performing, their official duties. This vicious system is now being rapidly set aside by the Civil Service Reform movement. Nullification.—While Jackson was doing evil in this direction he was doing good in another. The tariff of 1828 was extremely unpopular in the South, as it added considerably to the cost of goods which were received in exchange for cotton. John C. Calhoun declared that any State had the right to decide if such an act was constitutional, and, if not, to declare it null and void. This would be to nullify an act of Congress, and the doctrine was called nullifi-cation. In 1830 it gave rise toa remarkable debate in Hayne, of South Carolina,supported the doctrine in a powerfulspeech. He was answered by DanielWebster,^ Senator from Massachu-setts, in one of the greatest orationsthat has ever been delivered, andwhich closed with the striking re-mark, Liberty and Union, one and inseparable, now and forever. In a later reply to Cal-. Daniel Webster. ^ Daniel Webster, the great American orator and statesman, was bornin New Hampshire in 1782. He studied law, entered politics, and wassent to Congress in 1813. He rose rapidly in estimation as an career in Congress was a most brilliant one, hut he failed to gainthe nomination for President, though his name was presented in 1844, 302 THIRTY YEARS OF PEACE AND PROGRESS. houn ^ he declared that there can be no secession withoutrevolution, How Jackson Dealt with the NuUifiers.—During theyear 1832 a new tariff bill was passed. It considerably de-creased the average rate of duty, but the principle of pro-tection was maintained, and the South continued December South Carolina took positive action. A Stateconvention declared the tariff null and void, forbade thecollection of duties within the State, and threatened, ifinterfered with in this action, to secede from the Union.
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