. Canadian engineer. Fig. 1.—Steel Bridge Over Carter River at Charlebois. For short spans, the concrete beam bridge is a verydesirable structure, and for spans of medium length,where local conditions admit of its use, the concrete archis of pleasing appearance. Such work, when well de-signed and properly built, is very durable, but great atten-tion must be given to the foundations and to the surround-ing conditions in order that damage to the structure maybe prevented. Concrete is easily adapted to almost anyfoundation, but it is not in the best interests of such con-struction to use it in im
. Canadian engineer. Fig. 1.—Steel Bridge Over Carter River at Charlebois. For short spans, the concrete beam bridge is a verydesirable structure, and for spans of medium length,where local conditions admit of its use, the concrete archis of pleasing appearance. Such work, when well de-signed and properly built, is very durable, but great atten-tion must be given to the foundations and to the surround-ing conditions in order that damage to the structure maybe prevented. Concrete is easily adapted to almost anyfoundation, but it is not in the best interests of such con-struction to use it in important locations where settlementof the piers is to be anticipated, or where the river channelwill be cramped, due to a low bridge being required. Thesafety and enduring qualities of a concrete structure de-. *Paper read before the 3rd Canadian and InternationalRoad Congress, Montreal, March 6-10, 1916. Fig. 2.—Thirty=foot Concrete Arch Bridge in RussellTownship. pend to a great extent on the stability of the slightest mo\ement of the footings will result incracks opening in difterent parts of the structure, andwhile such cracks may not seriously affect the strength orsafety of the bridge, they are unsightly and indicate anundesirable condition of affairs. Concrete is a splendidbuilding material and will give good results even with veryindifferent workmanship. It is particularly well adaptedto certain locations and designs, but if used indiscrim-inately failures are bound to occur. In the case of smallconcrete bridges, the placing of the footings at a sufficientdepth below the ground or water surface is frequently dis- 504 THE CANADIAN ENGINEEK Volu mc 30. rig;ir<U<l. As a result, ihc riisli ol water durinj; a Ircshclundcrniihes the foundations and the entire struct
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