. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . A Tmax (C Sep-Oct 19 170' 162" 156 Figure 4-3. Maximum vertical temperature difference, surface minus deep (°C). The largest differences are in tlie middle domain, and the smallest in the coastal domain (cf. Fig. 4-1). intermediate values near 4 C were found. A plot of bottom temperature in autumn 1976 (Fig. 4-4) illustrates the strong insulating effect on the stratifi- cation displayed in Fig. 4-3. Even in September, cold temperatures (<0 C) remained from the preceding winter, i
. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . A Tmax (C Sep-Oct 19 170' 162" 156 Figure 4-3. Maximum vertical temperature difference, surface minus deep (°C). The largest differences are in tlie middle domain, and the smallest in the coastal domain (cf. Fig. 4-1). intermediate values near 4 C were found. A plot of bottom temperature in autumn 1976 (Fig. 4-4) illustrates the strong insulating effect on the stratifi- cation displayed in Fig. 4-3. Even in September, cold temperatures (<0 C) remained from the preceding winter, isolated by the very strong two-layered stratification in the middle domain. In contrast, the coastal domain was well mixed and bottom temperatures exceeded 9 C. In the deeper water of the outer domain bottom temperatures were inter- mediate, generally 3-6 C. Obviously, stratification is important to an understanding of the shelf. Using stratification as em adjunct to water mass analysis is valuable, but Coachman and Charnell (1979) also used the traditional method successfully. They defined a shelf water mass found in the middle domain, and an oceanic ("Alaska Stream/Bering Sea") water mass found above the continental slope (Fig. 4-5). They were then able to explain much of the structure of the outer domain in terms of the lateral mixing along isopycnal surfaces between the shelf and oceanic water masses. The shelf water mass was always less saline and, below 30 m, colder than the adjacent oceanic water. In spite of annual and interannual variations, there exist throughout the year two water masses, one cold and fresh and the other warm and saline, in juxtaposition along the outer shelf. One important evidence of the inter- action of these water masses, finestructure in vertical profiles, is discussed below in a separate section. A combination of categorizing by vertical struc- ture and by traditional water mass techniques is more useful than either used separately.
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