. Operative surgery, for students and practitioners . foot, or, if an ulcer is present,toward the ulcer. Each prominent vein is thus treated, using fromten to twenty separate ligatures, according to the number of veins thatare involved. If an ulcer is present, all the enlarged veins radiating from theulcer should be ligated, and then the ulcer may be scraped, and, afterit has been thoroughly disinfected, covered with skin grafts. Anyveins that are cut during the operation should be caught with clampsand tied with catgut. 566 LOWER EXTREMITY. AMPUTATIONS, RESECTIONS, ETC. Surgical Anatomy of th
. Operative surgery, for students and practitioners . foot, or, if an ulcer is present,toward the ulcer. Each prominent vein is thus treated, using fromten to twenty separate ligatures, according to the number of veins thatare involved. If an ulcer is present, all the enlarged veins radiating from theulcer should be ligated, and then the ulcer may be scraped, and, afterit has been thoroughly disinfected, covered with skin grafts. Anyveins that are cut during the operation should be caught with clampsand tied with catgut. 566 LOWER EXTREMITY. AMPUTATIONS, RESECTIONS, ETC. Surgical Anatomy of the Skeleton of the Foot.—A knowledgeof the composition and articulations of the skeleton of the foot is ofmuch practical value in performing the various amputations uponthis part. The tarsus is made up of two rows—or, better, two groups—ofirregular-shaped bones. The first row consists of the os calcis andastragalus, the os calcis occupying the outer side of the foot and form-ing the heel, the astragalus being on the inner side of the foot, par-. Fig. 242.—Right Foot. C, Chopart articulation; C, incision for Chopart amputa-tion; L, Lisfranc articulation; L, incision for Lisfranc amputation. tially resting upon the os calcis and entering into the formation ofthe ankle-joint. The anterior, articular surfaces of these bones areon about the same plane, and form an uninterrupted line from theouter to the inner side of the foot. The anterior, articular surface ofthe astragalus is convex, and is located above and to the inner side ofthat of the os calcis, which is rather concave. The second group consists of the cuboid, which is on the outerside of the foot, articulating with the os calcis; the scaphoid, whichis on the inner side of the foot, articulating behind with the astragalus; AMPUTATIONS, RESECTIONS, ETC. 557 and the three cuneiforms. This second group presents anteriorly anirregular row of articular surfaces which is convex toward the toes,its outer end being about one i
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