. Moving pictures : how they are made and worked. fore printing, however, the raw film or stock intendedfor the purposes of the positive or transparency must beperforated, an operation which is similar to that followedin perforating the negative film. Printing is carried out by contact; that is to say, thesensitised surface of the positive film is pressed tightlyagainst the emulsion side of the negative film at the instantthe exposure is made. One image is printed at one two films are given an intermittent action, the con- viii DEVELOPING AND PRINTING PICTURES 81 secutive images on th
. Moving pictures : how they are made and worked. fore printing, however, the raw film or stock intendedfor the purposes of the positive or transparency must beperforated, an operation which is similar to that followedin perforating the negative film. Printing is carried out by contact; that is to say, thesensitised surface of the positive film is pressed tightlyagainst the emulsion side of the negative film at the instantthe exposure is made. One image is printed at one two films are given an intermittent action, the con- viii DEVELOPING AND PRINTING PICTURES 81 secutive images on the negative film and the correspondingsections of sensitised surfaces on the positive film beingbrought before the illuminant during the brief period thatthe light is cut off from the printing box by the passageof the shutter. In the Newman-Sinclair apparatus, Fig. 8, the negative-film is wound upon spool i, while the positive film iscarried on spool 2, both being supported upon the pro-jecting bracket 3. The negative passes over the guide roller. Fig. 8—Front and Sidr Views of Newman-SinclairPrinting Apparatus. A, and descends with the positive film to the toothedsprocket 4. At this point the two films are brought togetherwith the gelatine surfaces inside, while the teeth of thesprocket mesh with the perforations in each. The two filmspass from this sprocket, form a loop, and together enter thegate, which clamps them tightly and flatly together, withtheir respective perforations exactly coinciding. At the point where the two films come opposite theaperture through which passes the light from the lamp,there is a mask, by which the position of the picture relative 82 MOVING PICTURES chap. to the exposure hole is corrected. The mask also determinesthe shape of the positive picture. It may be rectangular,oval, circular, or have rounded corners as desired. Imme-diately behind the film, in line with the exposing aperture,is a red screen, over which a shutter slides. When thisshutte
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