Electron microscopy; proceedings of the Electron microscopy; proceedings of the Stockholm Conference, September, 1956 electronmicrosco00euro Year: 1957 Dislocations in Stainless Steel W. BOLLMANN Battelle Memorial Institute, Geneva The first experiments on the study of metals by electron microscopy in transmission were under- taken by Heidenreich (5) on aluminium- and alu- minium-4 ',, copper alloy; he mainly investigated cold working and the formation of precipitates using an electropolishing technique for the preparation of the specimen. In the same paper, this author gives a theory on some
Electron microscopy; proceedings of the Electron microscopy; proceedings of the Stockholm Conference, September, 1956 electronmicrosco00euro Year: 1957 Dislocations in Stainless Steel W. BOLLMANN Battelle Memorial Institute, Geneva The first experiments on the study of metals by electron microscopy in transmission were under- taken by Heidenreich (5) on aluminium- and alu- minium-4 ',, copper alloy; he mainly investigated cold working and the formation of precipitates using an electropolishing technique for the preparation of the specimen. In the same paper, this author gives a theory on some diffraction effects occurring in the electron microscopy of thin crystal foils. Castaing (3) used, in addition to the electro- polishing, an ion bombardment for the preparation of transparent specimens of the same metals as studied by Heidenreich. The present work was undertaken with the aim of studying creep in certain austenitic temperature- resistant steels. To develop the preparation technique, (18 ) chrome- (8 ) nickel-steel was chosen. The raw specimen, a circular disc (2 cm diameter, mm thick) insulated around the edge with varnish was attacked electrolytically from both consisted of pointed electrodes which were insulated except for the points. At the start the electrodes were placed at a distance of 1-2 mm from the disc and the attack was continued up to the moment when a central hole appeared. Then the cathodes were placed at about 1 cm from the specimen. Under these conditions, the specimen was preferentially attacked near the insulated edge and there a second hole opened. The attack was continued until the space between the two holes was about 1 mm. Then the current was applied in pulses up to the moment when the two holes joined. In that region the specimen showed fairly large areas which could be observed by transmission. The electrolytic solution consisted of 40 °o sulfuric and 60 °o orthophosphoric acid. The current applied was about 3 a
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