. The Canadian field-naturalist. JUN JUL AUG §EP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB mAr APR MAY. JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY (1431 (203) (14 7) (1081 (1371 dOll (691 (14 1) (15?) (140) (172) (4 71 Figure 4. Monthlydistributionof radio-collared Moose in relation to indices to human disturbances: (A) utiliza- tion of lowland areas; (B) distance to roads, buildings, and petroleum development; (C) changes in percent- age of cleared land found within 1 km of each Moose observation at Rochester during October 1975- April 1978. Number of monthly observations shown in parentheses. bull, for examp
. The Canadian field-naturalist. JUN JUL AUG §EP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB mAr APR MAY. JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY (1431 (203) (14 7) (1081 (1371 dOll (691 (14 1) (15?) (140) (172) (4 71 Figure 4. Monthlydistributionof radio-collared Moose in relation to indices to human disturbances: (A) utiliza- tion of lowland areas; (B) distance to roads, buildings, and petroleum development; (C) changes in percent- age of cleared land found within 1 km of each Moose observation at Rochester during October 1975- April 1978. Number of monthly observations shown in parentheses. bull, for example, was relocated for mo during all three winters (1975-1978) in areas of between 75 and 95% cleared land, while other individuals rarely ven- tured into areas of more than 25% clearing. Such inherent variability prevented generalizations about tolerance of Moose to human disturbance. It seemed, however, that most animals did not tolerate areas of >30% cleared land for extended periods. During spring, movements away from disturbance occurred when snow depths decreased to trace amounts (25 March — 7 April). These movements took Moose from the aspen uplands to the more iso- lated muskegs and other lowlands (Table 7) where they calved. The mean distance to disturbance increased through spring and summer ( km in April, km in August), then decreased in mid- September with the onset of the rut. Acknowledgments We are grateful to R. Frokjer, F. Gingerich, J. Jorgenson, and P. Mytton for field and office assist- ance; to J. Gary for computer and statistical advice; and to T. Fuller, T. Hauge, R. Rolley, and the fixed- wing and helicopter pilots without whose help this project would not have been possible. We also thank J. Kemp, G. Lynch, D. Neave, K. Thirwell, R. Weatherill, and many other members of the Alberta Department of Recreation, Parks and Wildlife (Fish and Wildlife Division) for logistical support. This pro- ject was funded by the Alberta Oil Sands Environ- m
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