. Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. dentary- calcified Meckel's cartilage angular pterygoid postorbital basisphenoid basioccipital quodratojugal ^^-^^y^^^-^^ quadrate squamosal frontal prefrontal, prootic uodrate opisthotic lasioccipital basisphenoid quadrate rticulor prearticular suprooccipital parietal postorbital maxilla opisthotic uamosal. columella exoccipital _ carotid cono pterygoid .quadrate basisphenoid basioccipital foramina Figure 4-9 Skull and mondible of the Turtle based on Lepidachelys and Carettc. A, lateral view of skull and ; B, dorsal view of skull;
. Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. dentary- calcified Meckel's cartilage angular pterygoid postorbital basisphenoid basioccipital quodratojugal ^^-^^y^^^-^^ quadrate squamosal frontal prefrontal, prootic uodrate opisthotic lasioccipital basisphenoid quadrate rticulor prearticular suprooccipital parietal postorbital maxilla opisthotic uamosal. columella exoccipital _ carotid cono pterygoid .quadrate basisphenoid basioccipital foramina Figure 4-9 Skull and mondible of the Turtle based on Lepidachelys and Carettc. A, lateral view of skull and ; B, dorsal view of skull; C, ventral view of skull; D, medial view of right half of skull and mandible; E, rear view of skull. root as in the mammal. The skull is nonkinetic. It is pecul- iar in being pneumatic; that is, tfiere are sac-like outgrowths from the middle-ear cavity wfiich lie between or within the surrounding bones. The lower jaw (Figure 4-11 D,E) lacks a prearticular, which is largely replaced by the angular. A small preartic- ular fragment is said to appear in the embryo but later fuses with the articular. The hyoid apparatus consists of a broad plate, the copula, to which is attached the first cerato- branchial. In its development, the head skeleton of the crocodilian (Figure 4-12) is quite different from that of the lizard or the turtle. Some of the special features will be mentioned in com- parisons with the bird. 72 HEAD SKELETON OF OTHER TETRAPODS AND CHOANATES. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Jollie, Malcolm. New York, Reinhold
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