A treatise on orthopedic surgery . etween the second and third toes; ifit falls over or inside the great toe. it shows that the foot isworking at a disadvantage (Fig. 469). Contour.—The contour of the foot should then be examined*its internal border should curve slightly outward, so that if thefeet are placed side by side with the toes and heels in appositiona slight interval remains between them; if this slight concavity DISABILITIES AND DEFORMITIES OF TEE FOOT. 719 is replaced by a noticeable convexity when weight is borne thefoot is weak (Fig. 470). This change in contour is the earliestand
A treatise on orthopedic surgery . etween the second and third toes; ifit falls over or inside the great toe. it shows that the foot isworking at a disadvantage (Fig. 469). Contour.—The contour of the foot should then be examined*its internal border should curve slightly outward, so that if thefeet are placed side by side with the toes and heels in appositiona slight interval remains between them; if this slight concavity DISABILITIES AND DEFORMITIES OF TEE FOOT. 719 is replaced by a noticeable convexity when weight is borne thefoot is weak (Fig. 470). This change in contour is the earliestand sometimes the only evidence of deformity. The arch of thefoot properly protected by the muscles and by a proper attitude,sinks but little under weight; there is a slight elasticity only,as the strain is thrown more to the inner side of the median line,and if the depression is marked it shows weakness. Bearing Surface.—The exact amount of bearing surface maybe show^n by an imprint upon carbon paper or by smearing the Fig. Voluntary correction of the deformity, illustrating particularly the restorationof the arch. (See Fig. 471.) sole with vaseline; then, as the patient stands upon a sheet ofwhite paper, the outline of the foot should be traced so that therelative size of the imprint to that of the foot may be shownand compared with the normal standard (Fig. 477). Of all the tests this, so often used to demonstrate the heightof the arch and thus to confirm a diagnosis of flat-foot, is of theleast importance. The Range of Motion.—The balance of the foot, -as shown bythe range of motion, is next to be tested, for its limitation is one 720 OETHOPEDIC SUEGEEY. of the earliest signs of improper attitudes and of range of motion varies somewhat within normal limits; itis usually greater in childhood than in adult life, greater in theslender than in the massive foot, and greater in the foot usedproperly than in one that is not. The first test is applied tosimpl
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