. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Paget Ttventy-stx Soil Fertility in Orcharding {Contimud jrom fage 9) methods of management, leaving the trees with only a limited amount of this much needed element. In fact, some remarkable results in increased production as well as growth have been secured in orchards of the Northwest from the use of nitrate of soda, unaccompanied by any effort to return the burnt out organic matter. The larger chart illustrates the orchard feeding prob- lems. The paramount problem of the orchard men today is that of finding an economical means of retummg to their soils this d
. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Paget Ttventy-stx Soil Fertility in Orcharding {Contimud jrom fage 9) methods of management, leaving the trees with only a limited amount of this much needed element. In fact, some remarkable results in increased production as well as growth have been secured in orchards of the Northwest from the use of nitrate of soda, unaccompanied by any effort to return the burnt out organic matter. The larger chart illustrates the orchard feeding prob- lems. The paramount problem of the orchard men today is that of finding an economical means of retummg to their soils this dis- sipated organic matter and then maintain- ing it. The moisture holding capacity of the soil, the number of minute organisms, the availability of the other soil elements, the physical handling of the soil, and the productiveness of the soil are all dependent upon this same organic matter. Indeed, it is generally conceded that the supplying of this one material, organic matter, in suf- ficient amounts constitutes the first and most fundamental step in rebuilding a worn out soil or maintaing a fertile one. In order to comprehend fully the fer- tility problem as related to orcharding, it is well to consider the extent and sources of losses of fertility from orchard soils: CHART II Losses by Crops Removed Fertility removed annually per acre by an apple orchard. Annual weight .. Nitrogen Phosphoric acid Potash BETTER FRUIT that of nitrogen. This is the most deficient of the three key elements in our soils, es- pecially where clean cultivation without annual cover-crops or manuring has been practiced. It is also the most expensive to supply, costing in commercial forms about twenty cents a pound. Phosphorous lost by drainage is generally conceded to be small, as little of it exists in soluble form at any time. Potassium is lost in greater amounts, although not equahng the loss of nitrogen. The fruit soil contairis large amounts of this element, but practi- cally all of it exists i
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