Egypt and the Christian crusade . , 12 Egypt and the Christian Crusade Libyan on the west. South of Edfu, thelimestone gives place to sandstone, the ^Nubiansandstone which covers so many thousands ofsquare miles of ISTubia and the Sudan. At theFirst Cataract, for a short distance, a trans-verse barrier of granite appears; here the ancientEgyptian builders and sculptors got materialfor statues, sarcophagi, obelisks, and even wholetemples. The Arabian and Libyan ranges risein places to upward of 1000 feet. East of theArabian range is the Arabian desert, whichrises by a series of plateaux to the


Egypt and the Christian crusade . , 12 Egypt and the Christian Crusade Libyan on the west. South of Edfu, thelimestone gives place to sandstone, the ^Nubiansandstone which covers so many thousands ofsquare miles of ISTubia and the Sudan. At theFirst Cataract, for a short distance, a trans-verse barrier of granite appears; here the ancientEgyptian builders and sculptors got materialfor statues, sarcophagi, obelisks, and even wholetemples. The Arabian and Libyan ranges risein places to upward of 1000 feet. East of theArabian range is the Arabian desert, whichrises by a series of plateaux to the Red Sea,where the mountains attain the height of 6,000feet. The Libyan range, on the contrary, fallsaway by gentle slopes, westward, to the Libyandesert. Here and there both ranges lose theircontinuity and make possible caravan routesacross the desert to oases or convents. At Kena,the Nile Valley makes its closest approach tothe Red Sea, and a caravan route to Kossair onthe Red Sea shows the distance to be about onehundred ROUGH OUTLINE OF ELEVATIONS ABOUT NILE VALLEY. The Country 13 Although itself small in area, yet Egypt haslakes. Some so-called lakes are only inlets fromthe Mediterranean Sea, such as Lakes Man-zaleh and Burlus. Other lakes are, towardthe Suez Canal, the Bitter Lakes and LakeTimsah; west of the Delta, Lakes Elkhu andMariut; and in the Fayimi, Lake Moeris, fre-quently mentioned by early Greek travelers, nowknown as Birket Karun. The climate of Egypt is famous. Yet thereare many who misjudge this Egyptian the Nile Valley during a few of thechoicest weeks of winter, some go away ignorantof, and ignoring also, the existence of an in-tensely hot and debilitating summer. Othersagain, experiencing, during a few days inEgypt, weather whose chill is all the more pene-trating because the houses are not provided withany heating appliances, go away scoffing at thefar-famed climate of this land of sunshine. The climate of Egypt is to be credited,


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