The co-operative movement in Russia; its history, significance and character . ssia. This aspect of thesituation opened before the Siberian peasantry the possi-bility of paying serious attention to cattle are, on an average, four cows to each peasantfamily in Siberia, a number to which the Russian peasantcannot even dream of aspiring. The great Siberian trunk, built in the middle of thenineties of last century, gave an enormous impetus to thedevelopment of agriculture and industry in and buttermaking developed rapidly and giewin importance. Foreign firms find
The co-operative movement in Russia; its history, significance and character . ssia. This aspect of thesituation opened before the Siberian peasantry the possi-bility of paying serious attention to cattle are, on an average, four cows to each peasantfamily in Siberia, a number to which the Russian peasantcannot even dream of aspiring. The great Siberian trunk, built in the middle of thenineties of last century, gave an enormous impetus to thedevelopment of agriculture and industry in and buttermaking developed rapidly and giewin importance. Foreign firms find it necessary to sendagents to Siberia to arrange the export of butter. Foreigncapital offers assistance and the butt-niiakiiig industrygrows to an enormous extent. The progress of the Siberian butter industry is iiiark3dby four stages— 1. 1^95 to 1897. Attempts are made to introducethe industry on capitalist lines. 2. 1898 to 1902. Feverish speculation m the buttertrade; cut-throat comi)etition between privateproducers; the first few co-operative creameries A. M. Balakshix. CO-OPERATION LN RUSSIA. 7!) 3. 1902 to 1907. Rapid growth of artels inWestern Siberia and first attempts to combine theartCls into a union fcr the purpose of disposing of thebutter. 4. 1908. The Union of Siberian CreameriesAssociation is formed, and also the Altai Union,combining between them an enormous number ofbutter artels. The Unions continue to grow anddevelop. In the words of A. N. Balakshin, the father of SiberianCo-operation: Fifteen years ago nobody would havethought that the creameries belonging to private, andvery often rich, people could pass into the hands ofthe peasants working in artels. At the present momentthe position has radically changed and the artels arerapidly ousting private enterprise in the butter industryfrom Siberia. The growth of tlie butter artels may be illustrated bythe following table, giving the number of creameries inIho Tomsk and Tobolsk provinces in Sib
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