Farmers of forty centuries; or, Permanent agriculture in China, Korea and Japan . at the rate %^ 1^%^^ ^ »,w ^-^ -^^ ^ *^* ^fff*^^^**^*^ ^^^^H ili^l ^^^^H OfSSri^St-— -^^^k* j^ k^ hHHHHI |H^H Jj^^^ ^I^I^^Phj^j|d| ^^^^^^H| kim^^mI^^Kj^^m JKj^^B iSS HI— ^^ * ^M ^^M ^HHB^i •^it^iMBrf ai#t.^SiatiHBM^^^MBB^aM^ «»>mJ| -*• - ^«^^4Bh • ^«# ^-* mm ^ , . •. ^ w. - i Fia. 61. - Cotton-stern fiiol being conveyed from the iianals to city innrkot stalls. of about thirty charges per minute, while with his right hand, andin perfect rhythm, he drew back and forth the long plunger of arectangular box bell
Farmers of forty centuries; or, Permanent agriculture in China, Korea and Japan . at the rate %^ 1^%^^ ^ »,w ^-^ -^^ ^ *^* ^fff*^^^**^*^ ^^^^H ili^l ^^^^H OfSSri^St-— -^^^k* j^ k^ hHHHHI |H^H Jj^^^ ^I^I^^Phj^j|d| ^^^^^^H| kim^^mI^^Kj^^m JKj^^B iSS HI— ^^ * ^M ^^M ^HHB^i •^it^iMBrf ai#t.^SiatiHBM^^^MBB^aM^ «»>mJ| -*• - ^«^^4Bh • ^«# ^-* mm ^ , . •. ^ w. - i Fia. 61. - Cotton-stern fiiol being conveyed from the iianals to city innrkot stalls. of about thirty charges per minute, while with his right hand, andin perfect rhythm, he drew back and forth the long plunger of arectangular box bellows, maintaining a forced draught for the intervals the man who was bringing fuel fed the furnace witha bundle of rice straw, thus giving the boys left ariii a momentsrespite. When the steaming had rendered the oil sufficiently fluidthe meal was transferred, hot, to 10-inch hoops 2 inches deep, madeof braided bamboo strands, and deftly tramped with the barefeet, while hot, the operator steadying himself with a pair of hand FUEL FOR MANUFACTURERS 131. 132 THE FUEL PROBLEM bars. After a stack of sixteen hoops, divided by a slight siftingof chaif or short straw to separate the cakes, had been completed,these were taken to one of four pressmen, who were kept busy inexpressing the oil. The presses consisted of two parallel timbers framed together,long enough to receive the sixteen hoops on edge above a gapbetween them. These cheeses of meal were subjected to an enor-mous pressure secured by means of three parallel lines of wedgesforced against the follower each by an iron-bound master wedge,driven home w^ith a heavy beetle weighing some 25 or 30 lines of wedges were tightened in succession, the loosenedline receiving an additional wedge to take up the slack after draw-ing back the master wedge, which was then driven home. To keepgood the supply of wedges, which are often crushed under thepressure, a second boy, older than the one at the furnace, w
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectagriculture, bookyear
