Nature and development of plants . which enclosed asingle seed. mally but one develops in the plum) and splits at maturity intotwo valves, a form of fruit called a pod. For example, in the DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 419 honey locust (Gleditsia) and the Kentucky coffee bean (Gymno-cladus), the receptacle forms a shallow cup which bears theregular sepals, petals and usually ten stamens about a singlepistil (Fig. 315, A). The flowers are really monoecious, but inother respects are very suggestive of the plum flower. In the cof-fee bean tree, however, the petals are not quite equal and this ir-regulari
Nature and development of plants . which enclosed asingle seed. mally but one develops in the plum) and splits at maturity intotwo valves, a form of fruit called a pod. For example, in the DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 419 honey locust (Gleditsia) and the Kentucky coffee bean (Gymno-cladus), the receptacle forms a shallow cup which bears theregular sepals, petals and usually ten stamens about a singlepistil (Fig. 315, A). The flowers are really monoecious, but inother respects are very suggestive of the plum flower. In the cof-fee bean tree, however, the petals are not quite equal and this ir-regularity becomes more noticeable in the sensitive pea (Cassia)(Fig. 315, B-D). In the redbud, or Judas tree (Cercis), thepetals are very irregular, two of them being united into a boat-like structure and known as the keel which encloses the ten dis-tinct stamens and single pistil, while two laterally placed petals,the wings, inclose the fifth petal known as the standard (Fig. 315,E, F). These three examples from the senna family make a. Fig. 315. Development of the irregular type of flower in the rose order:A, regular flower of the honey locust {Gleditsia). At left staminateflower. At right pistillate with single pistil, c, which develops into longflat pod, s, rudimentary stamens. B, flower of Cassia, showing slightlyirregular corolla. C, section of flower—s, stamen; c, pistil. D, the fruitor pod. E, irregular flower of redbud {Cercis)—c, calyx; k, keel en-closing stamens and pistil; w, wings which arch over the standard, , corolla removed, showing the ten stamens surrounding the simple pistil. 420 THE ROSALES very easy transition from the regular flower of the plum to thehighly modified flowers of the pea family. (b) The Pea Family, Papilionacede.—The pea family () is the highest of the rose order and the largest family, withone exception, of all the angiosperms, comprising over 11,000species. Here we find the same type of flower as in the standard
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