. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. 518 INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOOT. mxp. efficient organs of offence and defence, as in the Ants, Bees, and Wasps, or else long and slender and but partially retrac- tile and destitute of a poison-gland, as in the Saw-flies, Gall- flies, and Ichneumonidse. The mouth-parts are adapted partly for biting and partly for licking. The mandibles (Fig. 242, mn) are well developed and fitted for biting in all forms, and in the Ten- thredinidse the maxillae are also like those of biting insects, while the inner of the two terminal plates of the labium ar
. A text-book of invertebrate morphology. Invertebrates. 518 INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOOT. mxp. efficient organs of offence and defence, as in the Ants, Bees, and Wasps, or else long and slender and but partially retrac- tile and destitute of a poison-gland, as in the Saw-flies, Gall- flies, and Ichneumonidse. The mouth-parts are adapted partly for biting and partly for licking. The mandibles (Fig. 242, mn) are well developed and fitted for biting in all forms, and in the Ten- thredinidse the maxillae are also like those of biting insects, while the inner of the two terminal plates of the labium are united to form a tube, the outer plates remaining separate. In the Bees and Wasps the maxillae (mx) become elongated and are no longer adapted for biting, and the inner terminal plates of the labium are fused together to form a long tonguelike structure, the glossa (I), the outer plates forming what are termed the paraglossae (pg). The entire apparatus is adapted for biting and also for licking up the honey' contained in the nectaries of flowers. The great majority of forms are solitary, but a few Bees {^pis, Bom- bus) and Wasps {Vespa, Sphex) and the Ants {Formica, Camponotus) form social aggregations with more or less pronounced polymorphism, to which reference has already been made. The Gall-flies {Gynips) lay their eggs upon the leaves or stems of plants, at the same time injecting a poison which causes a proliferation of the plant-tissues, forming a gall in the interior of which is the larva of the insect; while many forms, such as the Ichneumon-flies, Proctotrupes, Ptero- malus, Microgaster, etc., are parasitic in their larval stage, the eggs being deposited in or upon the bodies of the larvae of other insects, a very decided cheek being exerted upon the larvae of injurious insects, such as the Cabbage-butterfly, by these forms. Fig. 243. —Mouth-parts of Beb, Anihophora (after Newport from Gegenbaur). I = glossa. Ip = labial palp. mn = mandible. mx = maxilla. mxp = ma
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1894
