. KiG. 3.—WILLOW- ".\ -.\M'\ -l"!! WITH L.\I'(JM1) KDiili. [R. E. HoLTTLM, photo. Xiakornat the huts of the natives are built close to the beach or perched on ledges on the higher ground. Seen from a distance the massive and partially rounded though rugged boulders and hills of volcanic breccia—a rock composed of angular pieces of a fine- grained and in part glassy lava embedded in a matrix of volcanic ash—produce a particularly gloomy impression bv the contrast of their dark shoulders to the lighter hills near them ; but on a nearer view the dark surfaces are seen to be almost cover


. KiG. 3.—WILLOW- ".\ -.\M'\ -l"!! WITH L.\I'(JM1) KDiili. [R. E. HoLTTLM, photo. Xiakornat the huts of the natives are built close to the beach or perched on ledges on the higher ground. Seen from a distance the massive and partially rounded though rugged boulders and hills of volcanic breccia—a rock composed of angular pieces of a fine- grained and in part glassy lava embedded in a matrix of volcanic ash—produce a particularly gloomy impression bv the contrast of their dark shoulders to the lighter hills near them ; but on a nearer view the dark surfaces are seen to be almost covered w'ith splashes of a vermilion Lichen. It is not improbable that in the menacing headlands that guard the harbour of Niakornat and partially encircle the Settle- ment we ha\e the relics of a vast accumulated mass of ash and splintered rocks ejected from some old volcano in the immediate neighbourhood. The peculiar construction of Lichens renders them less dependent than other plants upon the nature of the substratum on which thev grow. .As films of dull black thev dapple the grey surfaces of granitic rocks while other species produce a harmony of orange, vellow, and grev. On stony ground among bosses of


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