A history of the United States . 1862; was superseded by Hooker inJanuary, 1863; was sent to defend Knoxville, Tennessee; was corps commanderin Army of the Potomac till close of the war; governor of Rhode Island,1867-1869; United States senator, 1875-1881. 402 THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1862. [§507 used his advantage. As it was, Burnside safely withdrew hisshattered forces to the north side of the river. The Union loss was over twelve thou-sand, while the Confed-erates lost considerabljless than six Joseph soon supersededBurnside, and the Unionarmy went into winterquarters. Lin
A history of the United States . 1862; was superseded by Hooker inJanuary, 1863; was sent to defend Knoxville, Tennessee; was corps commanderin Army of the Potomac till close of the war; governor of Rhode Island,1867-1869; United States senator, 1875-1881. 402 THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1862. [§507 used his advantage. As it was, Burnside safely withdrew hisshattered forces to the north side of the river. The Union loss was over twelve thou-sand, while the Confed-erates lost considerabljless than six Joseph soon supersededBurnside, and the Unionarmy went into winterquarters. Lincoln wasespecially depressed bythe result, as he hadhoped for a victorywhich would counteractthe hostility of GreatBritain. The contraryeffect was indicated bythe London Times, whichreferred to the battle asa memorable day tothe historian of the De-cline and Fall of the American Eepublic. Throughout theNorth, the following days were days of darkness and declined, and troops volunteered more slowly than General A. E. Burnside. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EFFECTS OF THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1862. 507. Military Results of the Year. — Thus the events of theyear, notwithstanding great losses on both sides, had not essen-tially changed the situation. While no territory of impor-tance had been lost, no considerable gain had been secured. 1 The Union force available for line of battle was 116,683; the Confed-erate, 78,315. The Union loss was 12,653; the Confederate, 5377. See Battlesand Leaders of the Civil War, Vol. III., pp. 145-147. § 509] DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EFFECTS. 403 McClellan, McDowell, Banks, Fremont, Pope, and Burnsidehad all proved unable to cope successfully with their oppo-nents, and had all been relieved. Up to the end of 1862,the military successes of the Union troops had all been inthe West and the great losses had all been in the East. Themilitary history of the year had made it evident to PresidentLincoln and to Congress that every resource of the Nor
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