Triumphs and wonders of the 19th century, the true mirror of a phenomenal era, a volume of original, entertaining and instructive historic and descriptive writings, showing the many and marvellous achievements which distinguish an hundred years of material, intellectual, social and moral progress .. . THE SPECTROSCOPE. solar spectrum. The image formed by the light of any luminous body,after it has passed through a prism, is said to be the spectrum of that body. VIII. THE SPECTROSCOPE AND ITS TRIUMPHS. The spectroscope consists essentially of three tubes joined in the form ofthe letter Y, one o
Triumphs and wonders of the 19th century, the true mirror of a phenomenal era, a volume of original, entertaining and instructive historic and descriptive writings, showing the many and marvellous achievements which distinguish an hundred years of material, intellectual, social and moral progress .. . THE SPECTROSCOPE. solar spectrum. The image formed by the light of any luminous body,after it has passed through a prism, is said to be the spectrum of that body. VIII. THE SPECTROSCOPE AND ITS TRIUMPHS. The spectroscope consists essentially of three tubes joined in the form ofthe letter Y, one of which is a small telescope, in the focus of which anarrow slit is placed to admit the ray of light that is to be examined;a prism, or a ruled grating that disperses the light, so as to form a spec-trum ; and a view telescope, with which to observe the various parts of thespectrum. By using a small telescope to view the spectrum of the sun, Fraunhofer, aGerman optician, in 1814, discovered that the whole length of the spectrumwas crowded with dark lines, very narrow, indeed, but scattered all throughthe seven hues. He found that sunlight, whether taken directly or reflected. YERKES TELESCOPE, UNIVERSITY OP in the World. 96 TRIUMPHS AND WONDERS OF THE XIX™ CENTURY from clouds or from the moon or planets, invariably gave the same spectrum;but in no case did light from the stars give a spectrum of the same sort asthat from the sun. Dr. Kirchhoff, of Heidelberg, in 1859, explained the origin of the darklines, and showed that there are three kinds of spectra: first, that of anincandescent solid or liquid, which is always perfectly continuous, showingneither dark lines nor bright; second, the spectrum of a glowing gas, whichconsists of bright lines or bands separated by dark spaces. These lines arecharacteristic of the chemical elements that cause them ; and so, from thecomposition of the bright lines in a spectrum, it is possible to tell theirorigin. Third, a spec
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