. Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and Lower California, with which are incorporated General ornithology: an outline of the structure and classification of birds; and Field ornithology, a manual of collecting, preparing, and preserving birds . gape is straight, when rictus and tomia are bothstraight and lie in the same line; curved, sinuate, when they lie in the same curved or waved 106 GENERAL ORNITHOLOGY. line; angulat
. Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and Lower California, with which are incorporated General ornithology: an outline of the structure and classification of birds; and Field ornithology, a manual of collecting, preparing, and preserving birds . gape is straight, when rictus and tomia are bothstraight and lie in the same line; curved, sinuate, when they lie in the same curved or waved 106 GENERAL ORNITHOLOGY. line; angulated, when they are straight, or ^^ly so, but do not lie in the same line, andtherefore meet at an angle. (An important distinction. See under family Fringillidce in the Synopsis.) II. THE WINGS. Definition. — Pair of anterior or pectoral limbs organized fur flight by means of dermaloutgrowths. Used for this puipose by biids in general; but by ostriches and their allies only as outriggers to aid runuingjby penguins as fins for swim-ming under water; used alsoin the latter capacity by somebirds that fly well, as divers,cormorants, dippers. Want-ing in no recent birds, butimperfect in a few, as allRatiteE ; greatly reduced inthe Emeu, Cassowary, andApteryx ; also in the Moas{Dinornis) ; in the Creta-ceous Hesperornis only therudimentary humerus isknowTi. To understandtheir structure we mustnotice particularly. Fig. 27.— Bones of right wing of a duck, Clangjila islandica, from above,3 uat. size. (Dr. B. W. Sluifeldt, ) A, shoulder, omos; D, elbow, ancon;(, wrist, carpus ; D, end of principal finger; E, end of hand proper, , upper arm, brack km; £ C\ fore-arm, antibrachmm: CD, whole hand of any lizard or mammal,including man. But the The Bony Framework (figs. 27, 28, 29). — Theskeleton of a birds wing ispr^ZrU ^Po^ef. of/■^ proper or metacarpus, excepting d^; ij^^^j^ upon a plan commonA JJ, or (I 2 d 3, d 4, fingers, digits, digiti. h, humerus; rd, rad
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1896
