. The street railway review . this gear the car axle carries a flanged wheel. A, ofsmall diameter, on which the car is supported while on theincline, the rail E being placed at such a height that the largewheel, C, is lifted clear of the surface track. It is seen thatthis device not only provides a rack on the steep grades, butalso gears down the motors so that the tractive force isgreatly increased. The New London, Conn., Street Railway, during thefiscal year just ended, earned $52,661, from 1,136,348 pas-sengers, at an expense of $30,013. Net earnings were$22,648, and dividends $11,550. COMB


. The street railway review . this gear the car axle carries a flanged wheel. A, ofsmall diameter, on which the car is supported while on theincline, the rail E being placed at such a height that the largewheel, C, is lifted clear of the surface track. It is seen thatthis device not only provides a rack on the steep grades, butalso gears down the motors so that the tractive force isgreatly increased. The New London, Conn., Street Railway, during thefiscal year just ended, earned $52,661, from 1,136,348 pas-sengers, at an expense of $30,013. Net earnings were$22,648, and dividends $11,550. COMBINED SURFACE AND UNDERGROUNDSYSTEM. Our ilkistralion, for which we are indelited to Engineer-ing News, show^ the scheme of a rapid transit systemdesigned bv Walton 1. Aims, C. E., of 35 Broadway, NewYork. The system comprisesa double surface line and adouble line laid in a tunnel justL-low the pavement, with thetracks directly below those onthe surface. The surface lineswould convev passengers tostations, between which rapid. COMBINED SUKFACE AND UNDERGROUND SYSTEM. transit would lie secured bv express trains running inider-ground. Both lines would be operated bv electricity, the surfacecars taking current from conductors laid in a conduit open-ing directly into the subway and the underground cars bythe overhead trolley system. The conduit being open at thebottom would be effectually drained and at the same time theslots in the conduits would serve to ventilate the local conditions prevent the construction illustrated,the underground construction may be modified by depress-ing the subwavs, laying the track in circular shield tunnelsif necessary. This system furnishes a means of securing local andexpress service on parallel tracks, one of the requisites forsatisfactory service in large cities, but has the disadvantageof running its local trains on the streets where they are sub-ject to all sorts of delays. In addition, the surface cars areliable to be crowded with


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Keywords: ., book, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectstreetrailroads