. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. RUBIACEAE 539 Willis observed gynodioecism in England (Proc. Phil. Soc, Cambridge, ix, 1893)- Visitors.—Herm. Muller observed the following in Thuringia.— A. Coleoptera. {a) Elateridae : i. Agriotes ustulatus Schall., resting inactively on the flowers. (i5) Telephoridae : 2. Danacea pallipes Panz., resting inactively on the flowers; 3. Dasytes subaeneus ^c,^/^., skg. (?); 4. Ebaeus thoracicus 0/;z'. (a) Bombyliidae: 5. Systoechus sulphureus ^^/zA,
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. RUBIACEAE 539 Willis observed gynodioecism in England (Proc. Phil. Soc, Cambridge, ix, 1893)- Visitors.—Herm. Muller observed the following in Thuringia.— A. Coleoptera. {a) Elateridae : i. Agriotes ustulatus Schall., resting inactively on the flowers. (i5) Telephoridae : 2. Danacea pallipes Panz., resting inactively on the flowers; 3. Dasytes subaeneus ^c,^/^., skg. (?); 4. Ebaeus thoracicus 0/;z'. (a) Bombyliidae: 5. Systoechus sulphureus ^^/zA, skg. {b) Empidae: 6. Empis livida Z.,. Fig. 180. Aspertda tanrina, L. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Hermaptirodite flower, seen from the side. B. Pistil and nectar}' of the same flower. C Another hermaphrodite flower with the more exserted. D. A third ditto, with long stylar branches. E. Half-withered flower, with the branches of the style eien longer. F. Vestigial pistil of a male flower. C. A trimerous male flower (xj). K, nectary; ov^ ovary; st, stigma. freq., skg.; 7. Rhamphomyia sp., eagerly skg., in very large numbers, (c) Muscidac: 8. Siphona geniculata Deg., freq., skg.; 9. Ulidia erythrophthalma Mg., do. {d) Slralio- myidac: 10. Nemotelus pantherinus Z., skg. (e) Syrphidae: 11. Syritta pipiens Z., hovering and skg. C. Hymenoptera. Apidac: 12. Bombus agrorum F. 5, casually trying to suck. D. Lepidoptera. (a) Geometn'dae: 13. Minoa murinata Scop., skg. (b) Rhopalocera: 14. Coenonympha arcania Z., skg. Loew noticed the bee Exoprosopa picta Mg., skg., in Steiermark (' Beitrage,' p. 51). MacLeod saw 2 flies in the Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, i89i> P- 345)-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Knuth, Paul, 1854-1899; Knuth, Paul, 1854-1899; Mu?ller, Hermann, 1829-
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