. Industrial history of the United States, from the earliest settlements to the present time: being a complete survey of American industries, embracing agriculture and horticulture; including the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, wheat; the raising of horses, neat-cattle, etc.; all the important manufactures, shipping and fisheries, railroads, mines and mining, and oil; also a history of the coal-miners and the Molly Maguires; banks, insurance, and commerce; trade-unions, strikes, and eight-hour movement; together with a description of Canadian industries . is know of no method of es
. Industrial history of the United States, from the earliest settlements to the present time: being a complete survey of American industries, embracing agriculture and horticulture; including the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, wheat; the raising of horses, neat-cattle, etc.; all the important manufactures, shipping and fisheries, railroads, mines and mining, and oil; also a history of the coal-miners and the Molly Maguires; banks, insurance, and commerce; trade-unions, strikes, and eight-hour movement; together with a description of Canadian industries . is know of no method of estimating it with exactness; but he who stops amoment to consider how many days he would be in digging up ten acreswith a hoe or with one of the earliest ploughs invented as a substitute, OF THE UNITED STATES. 37 and realizes how quickly and how much more perfectly the work is donenow, will be able to form an estimate for himself. Without Economy ofthis invention, thousands of acres would be untilled, or, if cul- modemtivated at all, only in a very imperfect manner. ploughs. There are several outgrowths of the plough, among which are the horse-hoe,invented by James Alden of New-York State, and others, and the so-calledcultivator, provided with a series of diminutive plough-points tostir the soil about the roots of corn, cotton, and other implements, while of minor importance, have been of vastvalue ; for with one of them, one horse, and a man, more work can be donethan thirty men can do provided with hand-hoes. Horse-hoeand HORSE-HOE. The harrow, the next implement to be used in tillage after ploughing, is buta little different tool from what it was in the days of the ancients. ^ ^Indeed, few implements have changed so immaterially in construc-tion, and principle of operation, as this. Very little data is attainable showing the progress of seed-drills for plant-ing. Jared Eliot, writing in 1754, alludes to Mr. Tulls wheat-drill as awonderful invention;
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