. Advancing knowledge of forests and rangelands : 1984 research accomplishments. Wood Research United States Bibliography; Forests and forestry Research United States Bibliography; Forest fires Research United States; Insect pests Research United States; Forest management Bibliography. The Costs of Multiple Use Management During the management of a typical national forest timber stand, some costs associated with the legal requirements for multiple use management are in- curred when the timber is sold. At that time, any adverse effects of timber harvesting on other resources are fre- quently mi
. Advancing knowledge of forests and rangelands : 1984 research accomplishments. Wood Research United States Bibliography; Forests and forestry Research United States Bibliography; Forest fires Research United States; Insect pests Research United States; Forest management Bibliography. The Costs of Multiple Use Management During the management of a typical national forest timber stand, some costs associated with the legal requirements for multiple use management are in- curred when the timber is sold. At that time, any adverse effects of timber harvesting on other resources are fre- quently mitigated and opportunities to enhance those resources can be pursued. These activities are often addressed in specific provisions in timber sale con- tracts, and may influence the "profits" from a Forest Service timber sale—the amount received for the timber minus the costs of the sale. Although timber sales in other organizations often appear to be more profitable than national for- est sales in similar areas, the costs for protection of cultural, fish, range, recreation, soil, visual, water, and wildlife resources may account for the difference. Scientists at the Intermountain and Pacific Southwest Stations have been studying these costs. In Montana and northern Idaho, they find that most timber sale provisions are designed to mitigate adverse impacts of timber har- vesting on other resources. The most common sale provisions there are limits on the size and location of cutting units. Limits on location and density of roads are also common, and both provisions strongly influence timber sale costs. Nationwide cost studies show that limits on the size of the cutting unit strongly influence reforestation costs. Site prep- aration and planting costs increase sub- stantially there as the size of the unit drops below 75 acres. The scientists conclude that these costs bear watching to be certain that they achieve commensurate Timber sale provisions for protectio
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