. Birds of a Maryland farm : a local study of economic ornithology . n some places almost girdling the tree. The loss :>fsap must have been an exhausting drain, but it was not the sole causeof death. Beetles of the flat-headed apple borer, attracted by the 90 BIRDS OF A MARYLAND FARM. exuding sap, had oviposited in the holes, and the next generation,having thus gained an .entrance, had finished the deadly work begunby the sapsuckers. Holes made by birds are sometimes closed byburl-like knobs of wood, but if they remain open the death of thetree from borers is very likely to result. In the c
. Birds of a Maryland farm : a local study of economic ornithology . n some places almost girdling the tree. The loss :>fsap must have been an exhausting drain, but it was not the sole causeof death. Beetles of the flat-headed apple borer, attracted by the 90 BIRDS OF A MARYLAND FARM. exuding sap, had oviposited in the holes, and the next generation,having thus gained an .entrance, had finished the deadly work begunby the sapsuckers. Holes made by birds are sometimes closed byburl-like knobs of wood, but if they remain open the death of thetree from borers is very likely to result. In the case of the treeskilled at Marshall Hall, galleries made by borers had honeycombedthe wood beneath the section of bark riddled by the sapsuckers. Only 2 stomachs of sapsuckers were collected. They were takenduring the middle of November, 1899 and 1900, and contained severaldung-beetles (Aphodius) and the fruit of woodbine and red cedar. The red-headed woodpecker is not common at Marshall Hall, thoughit was seen in small numbers every fall. One specimen taken Novem-. -mm Fig. 32.—Flicker. ber 29,1900, among the swamp oaks south of lots 1 and 5. had eaten gallinsects (Cynipidse) and many bits of the woody tissue of the woodpecker makes about half its food on vegetable matter,largely mast with some berries, and selects for its insect food chieflybeetles, ants, and grasshoppers. It is, on the whole, useful. The flicker (fig. 32). though nesting on the farm, was common onlyduring migration, when it was seen in flocks of from 6 to 12. Astomach collected in the middle of November, 1899, contained 10ground-beetles (including Anisodactylus, Harpahispermsylvanicus, andPt<:rostichus sayi), 5 ants, 1 sow bug, 1 black cricket and skin, and20 seeds of woodbine berries. The flicker is somewhat more insectiv- Bull. 17, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of Agr Plate XVII.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1902
