. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . ete. If, after repeated attempts, it is found tobe impossible to see the posterior nares, one must first seek to accustomthe patient to the presence of the instruments ; if this fails, it may benecessary to resort to the palate-hook or the cords to hold the uvula for-ward. The best hook is Whites. It is necessary to apply cocaine to thesoft palate before inserting the hook. Another plan, which is preferredby some, is to take the flat cords used for corset-laces, soak them in17 258 EXAMINATION OF THE NOSE AND THE LARYNX.
. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . ete. If, after repeated attempts, it is found tobe impossible to see the posterior nares, one must first seek to accustomthe patient to the presence of the instruments ; if this fails, it may benecessary to resort to the palate-hook or the cords to hold the uvula for-ward. The best hook is Whites. It is necessary to apply cocaine to thesoft palate before inserting the hook. Another plan, which is preferredby some, is to take the flat cords used for corset-laces, soak them in17 258 EXAMINATION OF THE NOSE AND THE LARYNX. mucilage and dry them. These arc then stiff enough to pass through thenostril, vet flexible enough to pull down and out through the mouth withforceps. Then by drawing forward both ends the soft palate is pulled outf the way. Sometimes a view of* the posterior nares may be obtained by makingthe patient breathe in short, quick gasps, by which the uvula is ordinary breathing it is often tightly pressed against the posterior wallof the pharynx. Fig. Rhinoscopic in position, (Bosworth.) By the above methods the appearance and nutrition of the mucous mem-brane, relative size of the cavities, the nature of the discharge, and thepresence of ulceration or perforation of the septum are of septum, enlargement or contraction of turbinated bones, thesize of the cavities, and the presence of foreign bodies or abnormal growthsare also detected. Appearance of the Mucous Membrane. The observer may find itunusually pale. This is seen in tuberculosis and in atrophic rhinitis. If aprotuberant mass is observed to be transparent and shining, as well aspale, it is a polypus. If the mucous membrane is bright red, it maybe due to acute inflammation, to glanders, or to syphilis. It is dull APPEARANCE OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE. 259 red in chronic catarrhs and caseous rhinitis. The coatings of the mucousmembrane are of significance. If a dry mucus covers the part, there
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