. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . not strange that anomalies in its behaviorshould frequently be met with in disorders of the central nervous system. 180 EXAMINATION OF THE EYE AND EAR. Dilatation of the pupil (mydriasis), apart from local diseases, ofwhich glaucoma is the type, may occur in certain psychical states, suchas fright and emotion ; or it may be caused by disease processes giving riseto irritation of the pupil—dilating centre or fibres (irritative or spasmodicmydriasis), or by paralysis of the pupil—contracting centre or fibres(paralytic mydr
. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . not strange that anomalies in its behaviorshould frequently be met with in disorders of the central nervous system. 180 EXAMINATION OF THE EYE AND EAR. Dilatation of the pupil (mydriasis), apart from local diseases, ofwhich glaucoma is the type, may occur in certain psychical states, suchas fright and emotion ; or it may be caused by disease processes giving riseto irritation of the pupil—dilating centre or fibres (irritative or spasmodicmydriasis), or by paralysis of the pupil—contracting centre or fibres(paralytic mydriasis or iridoplegia). In-itatiou mydriasis occurs (a) in hypersemia of the cervical portion ofthe spinal cord and in spinal meningitis; (6) in the early stages of newgrowths in the cervical portion of the cord ; (c) in cases of intracranialtumor and other diseases causing high intracranial pressure, according toEaehlmann, although Leeser points out that these may also give rise toparalytic mydriasis; (r/) in the s])inal irritation of chlorotic or anaemic Fig. Ophthalmoscopic e x ara i n a t ion. persons, after severe illness, etc.; (e) as a premonitory sign of tabes dor-salis ; (_/) in cases of intestinal worms, from irritation of the sensorynerves of the bowel, and sometimes in other forms of intestinal irritation ;((/) in psychical disturbances—e. g., acute mania, melancholia, progressiveparalysis of the insane (in the last-mentioned disease often unilateral, withmyosis of the other eye). (After Swanzy.) Paralytic mydriasis {iridoplegia) may be due either to a paralysis ofthe pupil-contracting centre or to failure of the stimulus being conductedfrom the retina to that centre. It may be found : (a) sometimes in pro-gressive paralysis in which at first there was myosis ; (/>) in various diseaseprocesses at the base of the brain affecting the centre for the third nerve;{() in a late stage of thrombosis of the cavernous sinus; (d) in orbitaldisease associated with
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