. Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany," and "Field, forest, and garden botany," bound in one volume. Botany; Botany. SECTION 16. J ANATOMY OF STEMS. 141 2. The Geben Babk or Middle Bark. This consists of cellukr tissue only, and contains the same green matter {chlorophyll, 417) as the leaves. In woody stems, before the season's growth is coinpleted, it becomes cov- ered by 3. The Corky Later or Outer Bark, the cells of which contain no chlorophyll, and are of the nature of cork. Common cork is the thick corky layer of the bark of the Cor
. Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany," and "Field, forest, and garden botany," bound in one volume. Botany; Botany. SECTION 16. J ANATOMY OF STEMS. 141 2. The Geben Babk or Middle Bark. This consists of cellukr tissue only, and contains the same green matter {chlorophyll, 417) as the leaves. In woody stems, before the season's growth is coinpleted, it becomes cov- ered by 3. The Corky Later or Outer Bark, the cells of which contain no chlorophyll, and are of the nature of cork. Common cork is the thick corky layer of the bark of the Cork-Oak of Spain. It is this which gives to the stems or twigs of shrubs and trees the aspect and the color peculiar to each, — light gray in the Ash, purple in the Ked Maple, red in several Dogwoods, etc. 4. The Epidermis, or skin of the plant, consisting of a layer of thick- sided empty cells, which may be considered to be the outermost layer, or in most herbaceous stems the only layer, of 433. The green layer of bark seldom grows much after the first season. Sometimes the corky layer grows and forms new layers, inside of the old, for years, as in the Cork-Oak, the Sweet Gum-tree, and the White and the Paper Birch. But it all dies after a while; and the continual enlargement of the wood within finally stretches it more than it can bear, and sooner or later cracks and rends it, while the weather acts powerfully upon its sur- face J so the older bark perishes and falls away piecemeal year by year. 433. So on old trunks only the inner bark remains. This is renewed every year from within and so kept aHve, while the older and outer layers die, are fissured and rent by the distending trunk, weathered and worn, and thrown off in fragments, — in some txees slowly, so that the bark of old trunks may acquire great thickness; in others, more rapidly. In Honey- suckles and Grape-Vines, the layers of liber loosen and die when only a year or two old. The annual layers of lib
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectbotany, bookyear1887
