The drug plants of Illinois drugplantsofilli44teho Year: 1951 Tehon THE DRUG PLANTS OF ILLINOIS 69 JEFFERSONIA DIPHYLLA (L.) Pers. Twinleaf, rheumatism root, hel- met pod, yellow-root. Berberidaceae.— A stemless, smooth herb 6 to 18 inches tall, perennial; rootstock horizontal, somewhat fleshy, thick, knotty, yellow-brown, with numerous matted, fibrous roots; leaves arising directly from the rootstock, long- petioled, 3 to 6 inches long, glaucous be- neath, divided into 2 broad, somewhat semicircular, sometimes lobed parts; flowers white, about 1 inch wide, solitary at the ends of flowering
The drug plants of Illinois drugplantsofilli44teho Year: 1951 Tehon THE DRUG PLANTS OF ILLINOIS 69 JEFFERSONIA DIPHYLLA (L.) Pers. Twinleaf, rheumatism root, hel- met pod, yellow-root. Berberidaceae.— A stemless, smooth herb 6 to 18 inches tall, perennial; rootstock horizontal, somewhat fleshy, thick, knotty, yellow-brown, with numerous matted, fibrous roots; leaves arising directly from the rootstock, long- petioled, 3 to 6 inches long, glaucous be- neath, divided into 2 broad, somewhat semicircular, sometimes lobed parts; flowers white, about 1 inch wide, solitary at the ends of flowering stems 6 to 8 inches tall; fruit a capsule that at ma- turity is raised to a height of 16 to 18 inches on the elongated flower stalk and opens in a manner suggesting a helmet. The rootstock and roots collected in the fall. Infrequent to rare in rich w^oods in the northern two-thirds of the state. Contains a bitter principle, an acid simi- lar to polygalic acid, and the alkaloid ber- berine. Used as an alterative, antispas- modic, diuretic, diaphoretic, and expectorant. JUGLANS NIGRA L. Black walnut. Juglandaceae.—A large, round-topped tree 75 to 100 feet tall; bark of the trunk dark brown to blackish, deeply fissured into broad, rounded, scaly-topped ridges, 2 to 3 inches thick; leaves pinnately com- pound, 1 to 3 feet long; leaflets 11 to 23, ovate, pointed, serrate; flowers incon- spicuous; fruit a globular, green, pulpy drupe containing a brown, corrugated nut. The inner bark of the root, the leaves, and the nuts collected. On rich bottom- lands and hillsides throughout the state. Contains a volatile acid (juglandic acid) similar to nucin. Used as a mild cathartic. [^Juglans cinerca L., butternut or white walnut, very similar to the black walnut but a much smaller tree (30 to 50 feet tall), is also sought for its leaves and root bark.] V ^ «d 1 ^ >\r\i \\ ff M^ M 1' j^^ ^ -'<^V^)j/_ k^ ^i D
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