Expeditions organized or participated in by the Smithsonian . metal or stone mace, a wooden club, a copper axe andknife, the sling, and in some regions the bow and arrow. Their imple-ments were the whorl, weaving sticks, looms, cactus-spine or boneneedle, bone needle-holders, sharpened sticks, copper knives and axes,hoes and fishing paraphernalia, inchiding nets, sinkers, reed-bundleboats or balsas, and peculiar rafts which were paddled. Throughout the whole territory along the coast the people de-formed the heads of their infants by applying pressure to the fore- 52 SMITHSONIAN
Expeditions organized or participated in by the Smithsonian . metal or stone mace, a wooden club, a copper axe andknife, the sling, and in some regions the bow and arrow. Their imple-ments were the whorl, weaving sticks, looms, cactus-spine or boneneedle, bone needle-holders, sharpened sticks, copper knives and axes,hoes and fishing paraphernalia, inchiding nets, sinkers, reed-bundleboats or balsas, and peculiar rafts which were paddled. Throughout the whole territory along the coast the people de-formed the heads of their infants by applying pressure to the fore- 52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS \0L. 63 head probably by means of pads and bandages, which process flat-tened the back of the head as well. They did not practice filing, cut-ting, or chipping the teeth, or other mutilations which would lea\emarks on the skeletons. These natives seem to have been free from general bodily ailmentsbefore the advent of the white men ; on the other hand they sulteredfrom several peculiar local diseases affecting the hip-bone, the head,and the Fig. 53.—A party of vandals in an old cemetery on the railroad from Anc(into Huacho, Peru. Photograph l\v Hrdhcka. The people of the mountains possessed a good average develop-ment of the body and of the skull, and were even freer than the coastpeople from disease. ^^olUlds were, however, common, and in someof the districts serious wounds of the head were frequently followedby the operation known as trepaning. and although this was oftencrudely done, it was successful in many cases. This practice was prob-ably carried on even after the coming of the Spaniards. The results of the expedition failed to strengthen the theories ofany great anti(|tntv of man in Peru, tending rather to prove the con- NO. 8 SMITHSONIAX EXPLORATIONS. I913 53 trary. Aside from the cemeteries or burial caves of the common coastor mountain people, and their archeological remains, there was no signof human occupation of these regions. Not
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectscienti, bookyear1912
