Methods and aids in geography : for the use of teachers and normal schools . ether the shadow is longer or shorter. By means of the same vertical stick in the yard, or in theschoolroom if the sun enters, trace the shadow on Sept. 21,at exactly twelve oclock, true time. Draw a line across thisshadow-line at right angles, and observe if it points to thepart of the horizon where the sun rises and sets at this timeof the year. Now mark the four cardinal points, obtainedby the direction of the shadow and the line at right the meridian of the place where the observationwas made. Veri
Methods and aids in geography : for the use of teachers and normal schools . ether the shadow is longer or shorter. By means of the same vertical stick in the yard, or in theschoolroom if the sun enters, trace the shadow on Sept. 21,at exactly twelve oclock, true time. Draw a line across thisshadow-line at right angles, and observe if it points to thepart of the horizon where the sun rises and sets at this timeof the year. Now mark the four cardinal points, obtainedby the direction of the shadow and the line at right the meridian of the place where the observationwas made. Verify the same with the compass. A vertical stick always points to the zenith. Supposeone is standing in the schoolyard, like AB, Fig. 66, long APPARATUS FOR MEASURING LATITUDE 405 enough to reach above B, the ground, some eight feet. Ata convenient point above B fasten to the vertical, with a nailor screw, another stick three or four feet long, so that it willmove in line with the direction of the shadow, as is indicatedin the figure by C D. With the eye at C, move the sun-. Fig. 66. —Diagram, showing a Simple Apparatus for measuringthe Latitude of a Place, Sept. 21. stick till it points to the sun just at noon on Sept. the stick in this position. Then place against thetwo sticks a piece of paper, and trace the angle made bythe two sticks. Draw a circle about the vertex of this angle,and measure it as shown in the figure. 406 METHODS AND AIDS IN GEOGRAPHY Conclusions. — If there is no angle between the sticks,there will be no shadow cast by the vertical stick; and theschoolyard must be situated on the equator, it being when the observation was made. If the shadow fallstowards the south, then the observers must be south of theequator, perhaps in the Argentine Republic. If the shadowfalls towards the north, then the school must be situatednorth of the equator, perhaps in the United States or inEngland. If the angle is about twenty degrees between the twosticks
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