Roman Soldier armour spear sword sheild spike traditional clothing


This is a list of both unit types and ranks of the Roman army from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Roman Empire. The distinction between rank and unit type doesn't seem to have been as precise as in a modern-day army, in which a soldier has a separate pay-grade, job description, and assigned unit. For example, "hastati" defines both a unit's length of service, age, arms and armour, and place in the line of battle. The list below covers mainly unit types of the Roman Empire, since the early Roman army was from surviving records more uniform. Likewise, there is a greater concentration on legionary ranks, since there are greater records extant than for auxiliary and other non-legionary units. It is worth noting that more than one term was often used to describe essentially the same rank or unit type and, additionally, several words could be strung together to more exactly describe a man's unit or rank - for instance a "discens immunis veterinarius" would be a trainee military veterinarian.


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Photo credit: © 19th era / Alamy / Afripics
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