. The plant societies of Chicago and its vicinity. Plant ecology; Botany; Botany. 56 THE PLANT SOCIETIES OF climate, since the mesophytic forest is associated to a high degree with humus. 2. THE BEACH-DUNE-SANDHILL SERIES. A. The beach.—The author has previously discussed in consider- able detail the dynamics of the dune societies/and it will not be neces- sary to do more here than to summarize the chief conclusions, and add. Fig. 33.—Beach at Dune Park, showing the smooth and naked lower beach, the middle beach with its line of debris, the upper beach with scattered shruDs, and the dunes. a f
. The plant societies of Chicago and its vicinity. Plant ecology; Botany; Botany. 56 THE PLANT SOCIETIES OF climate, since the mesophytic forest is associated to a high degree with humus. 2. THE BEACH-DUNE-SANDHILL SERIES. A. The beach.—The author has previously discussed in consider- able detail the dynamics of the dune societies/and it will not be neces- sary to do more here than to summarize the chief conclusions, and add. Fig. 33.—Beach at Dune Park, showing the smooth and naked lower beach, the middle beach with its line of debris, the upper beach with scattered shruDs, and the dunes. a few new data. Before long it is expected that a paper will appear giving the changes that have taken place since the first observations were made in 1896. The beach in the Chicago area is xerophytic throughout. There is nothing analogous to the salt marshes of the Atlantic coast, nor to the hydrophytic shores farther north along Lake Michigan. The lower portion of the beach is exposed to alternate washing by the waves and desiccation in the sun, and is devoid of life. The middle beach, which is washed by winter waves, though not by those of summer, has in con- sequence a vegetation of xerophytic annuals, the most prominent of jvhich is Cakile Americana (Sea rocket). The upper beach is beyond ' CowLES, H. C: The ecological relations of the vegetation on the sand dunes of Lake Michigan. Bot. Gaz. 27: 95-117,1B7-202, 281-303, 3B1-391. 13H9. Also reprinted Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Cowles, Henry Chandler, 1869-1939. Chicago, The Geographic Society of Chicago
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