. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 66 PLECTOMYCETES [CH. 1910 Wager, H. and Peniston, A. Cytological Observations on the Yeast Plant. Ann. Bot. xxiv, p. 45. 1911 GuiLLiERMOND, A. Les Progr^s de la Cytologie des Champignons. Prog. Rei Bot. iv, pp. 433 and 468, ei seg. 1911 Nadson, C. a. and Konokotine, A. G. Guilliermondia, un nouveau genre de la famille des Saccharomycetes k copulation h^terogamique. Bull, du Jard. Imp. de St Petersbourg, xi, p. 117. 1913 Marchand, H. La conjugaison des spores chez les levures. Rev. Gen. 4e Bot. xxv, p. 207. 1914 Bayliss, W. M. The Nature
. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 66 PLECTOMYCETES [CH. 1910 Wager, H. and Peniston, A. Cytological Observations on the Yeast Plant. Ann. Bot. xxiv, p. 45. 1911 GuiLLiERMOND, A. Les Progr^s de la Cytologie des Champignons. Prog. Rei Bot. iv, pp. 433 and 468, ei seg. 1911 Nadson, C. a. and Konokotine, A. G. Guilliermondia, un nouveau genre de la famille des Saccharomycetes k copulation h^terogamique. Bull, du Jard. Imp. de St Petersbourg, xi, p. 117. 1913 Marchand, H. La conjugaison des spores chez les levures. Rev. Gen. 4e Bot. xxv, p. 207. 1914 Bayliss, W. M. The Nature of Enzyme Action. Monographs on Biochemistry. Longmans, Green & Co., London (and see literature cited). Gymnoascaceae The Gymnoascaceae differ from the Endomycetaceae in that their asci are borne on a sporophytic mycelium which originates from the female organ after the fertilization stage. These ascogenous hyphae are sur- rounded by a loose weft of protec- tive filaments which bear spines or variously coiled or hooked branches (fig. 26). The asci are ovoid or pyri- form, and each contains eight spores. The species of Gymnoasctts occur in various habitats, on dung, bees' nests, dead grass, etc. In G. Reesii, according to Dale, two branches grow up from the same hypha, one on each side of a septum, and become twisted around one another. These are the antheridium and oogonium; their free ends swell into club-shaped heads which lie in close contact and each becomes delimited by a transverse septum. The walls between them break down, and the contents of the antheridium pass over into the oogonium (fig. 27 a, b). Both cells are at first uninucleate, but later coeno- cytic, and, though the history of the nuclei has not been traced, it seems almost certain that fusion must sooner or later occur. Up to this point the sexual cells are usually quite similar in form, but now the antheridium grows larger and more spherical, remaining almost straight, while the oogonium puts out a prolo
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