Science for beginners . Fig. 77.—Distribution of coal fields in the United States. large northwestern field of the Dakotas, Montana, and Wyom-ing yields bituminous and lignite coals. The fields of Col-orado yield bituminous and semi-anthracite coals (see TableII, Art. 91, Composition of Solid Fuels, for the distinctionin different kinds of coals). IX. DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE HEATING107. The Roman Hypocaust.—The houses of the Romanswere heated by hypocausts. These were fire rooms con- 102 THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF HEAT structed in the cellars (Fig. 78). From these rooms claypipes led to various ro
Science for beginners . Fig. 77.—Distribution of coal fields in the United States. large northwestern field of the Dakotas, Montana, and Wyom-ing yields bituminous and lignite coals. The fields of Col-orado yield bituminous and semi-anthracite coals (see TableII, Art. 91, Composition of Solid Fuels, for the distinctionin different kinds of coals). IX. DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE HEATING107. The Roman Hypocaust.—The houses of the Romanswere heated by hypocausts. These were fire rooms con- 102 THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF HEAT structed in the cellars (Fig. 78). From these rooms claypipes led to various rooms of the house above. Through thesepipes all of the smoke and heat from the burning wood passedto the rooms above. This method of heating would seemvery disagreeable to us, especially when the volatile matterwas distilling from the wood. Crude as this method ofheating was, it was the best method known until compara-tively recent times. The use of the hypocaust perished withthe civilization of Fig. 78.—A Roman hypocaust. (From Stories of Useful permission of The Century Company.) 108. The Fireplace and the Early Stoves.—Mention hasalready been made of the use of the fireplace in house heatingand cooking, and of Franklins invention of the stove. Stovesdid not come into general use in the United States until after1825. Wood was used as the fuel and the stoves were butlittle more than open, iron fireplaces standing out in theroom. Between 1825 and 1835, the first stoves for burninghard coal were made. Some of these were fairly successfulbut all have been greatly improved since that time. DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE HEATING 103 109. The Invention of the Chimney.—It is recorded thatthe invention of the chimney was the result of war. At thetime of the Norman conquest of England in 1066 the Britonsheated their houses by means of fires built on the floor atthe center of the house. The smoke was permitted to escapethrough a hole in the center of the roof. But th
Size: 1565px × 1596px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectscience, bookyear1921
