. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 109. : Hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships of certain primitive catfishes based on 75 morphological characters. All characters are unordered. Characters are explained in the text; for character states see Appendix 1. Homoplasies are presented by their character states, but an asterisk represents a unique derived character. — A: Consensus tree of four equally parsimonious trees (consistency index )'; B—E: Topologies showing pro- bable phylogenetic relationships among diplomystids. in any of the possible ancestors of characiforms and si
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 109. : Hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships of certain primitive catfishes based on 75 morphological characters. All characters are unordered. Characters are explained in the text; for character states see Appendix 1. Homoplasies are presented by their character states, but an asterisk represents a unique derived character. — A: Consensus tree of four equally parsimonious trees (consistency index )'; B—E: Topologies showing pro- bable phylogenetic relationships among diplomystids. in any of the possible ancestors of characiforms and siluriforms. By comparison with the combined outgroup and with most ostariophysans, I consider the absence of max- illary teeth as the primitive condition (see Appendix 2), The absence of maxillary teeth is a synapomorphy of Siluroidea according to Grande (1987). However, I consider the presence of teeth along most of the oral margin as a synapomorphy of diplomystids, and the teeth anteriorly placed on the maxilla as an autapomorphy of ^Hypsidohs. Teeth along most of the oral margin of maxilla (Figs. 11, 19B) are present in parallel in Hoplias and diplomystids, however in Xenocharax there are only a few teeth in a single row close to the articular process of the maxilla. In '\Hypsidoris, the teeth are also concentrated anteriorly, close to the articular process (Fig. 22C). Most catfishes do not have maxillary teeth; however, the presence of teeth placed anteriorly in the max- illa is an autapomorphy of ^Hypsidohs. 1) Maxilla with: 0: no teeth 1: teeth along most of the oral margin 2: teeth anteriorly placed. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bonn, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig
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