Illustration by Al-Biruni of different phases of the moon, from Kitab al-Tafhim. Abu al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (September 5, 973 - December 13, 1048) was a Persian scholar and polymath. He is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist. He is given the titles the "founder of Indology" and the "first anthropologist" for writing on the customs and creeds of various nations. He also made contributions to Earth
Illustration by Al-Biruni of different phases of the moon, from Kitab al-Tafhim. Abu al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (September 5, 973 - December 13, 1048) was a Persian scholar and polymath. He is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist. He is given the titles the "founder of Indology" and the "first anthropologist" for writing on the customs and creeds of various nations. He also made contributions to Earth sciences, and is regarded as the "father of geodesy" for his important contributions to that field, along with his significant contributions to geography. He died in 1048 at the age of 75.
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