The history of the Norman conquest of England, its causes and its results . pugnandum sese incitabant. These words by themselveswould rather imply that those who made the capitulation were tke sameas those who disowned it. But the mention in the Chronicle of the treasonof the Thegns, and the distinction which Orderic himself seems to drawbetween the primores now and the municipes a little later, seem tojustify me in following Lappenberg in the view which I have taken in thetext. I see that Thierry and Mr. St. John take it in the same way, only itis hardly fair of Thierry to quote the words of


The history of the Norman conquest of England, its causes and its results . pugnandum sese incitabant. These words by themselveswould rather imply that those who made the capitulation were tke sameas those who disowned it. But the mention in the Chronicle of the treasonof the Thegns, and the distinction which Orderic himself seems to drawbetween the primores now and the municipes a little later, seem tojustify me in following Lappenberg in the view which I have taken in thetext. I see that Thierry and Mr. St. John take it in the same way, only itis hardly fair of Thierry to quote the words of Orderic so as to make concives the nominative cases. ^ Ord. Vit. 510 B. Quod audiens Rex, qui ad quatuor milliaria con-sistebat ab urbe, ira repletus est et admiratione. 3 lb. Imprimis itaque Rex cum quingentis equitibus propere perrexit,ut locum et moeniavideret, et quid hostes ageret deprehenderet. Comparethe five hundred horsemen sent against London (see vol iii. p. 542), butthen William was not present in peison. Ircernans Nomian C VbL IV To face pcuie ^o3. \\ EXETER. 1068-1087. .-1. S* (ja,^tie QuxpeL, Scale cf Fu^Jcn^j For the Dele^alej of the Clareniion Pryss. DESCRIPTION OF EXETER. 153 The city to which William now drew near did not indeed rival the natural streng-th of Le Mans or Domfront, but it Descrip- ^ . tion of came nearer than most English towns to recalling some- Exeter. what of the character of those memorable scenes of hisearlier exploits. Exeter is described by the most detailedhistorian of this campaign as standing in a plain,^ and toone who looks down upon the city from the higher groundwhich surrounds it on nearly every side the descriptionmight not seem inappropriate. But the city really standson a hill, and a hill, in some parts, of no inconsiderablesteepness. The Exe flows to the south-west; at the north-east a sort of narrow isthmus connects the hill with a largeextent of ground at nearly its own level. On either s


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