. Elements of ecology. Ecology. 140 Temperature mocline leads to the deeper water which is still quite cold. With the onset of autumn solar radiation has become reduced and the winds have been stronger with the result that the surface waters are stirred downward, and the thermocline is shifted deeper and eventually de- stroyed. By November the whole water column has become mixed at an intermediate temperature and remains uniform as it cools to its minimum temperature during the winter. Temperature,°C 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24. Fig. Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of te
. Elements of ecology. Ecology. 140 Temperature mocline leads to the deeper water which is still quite cold. With the onset of autumn solar radiation has become reduced and the winds have been stronger with the result that the surface waters are stirred downward, and the thermocline is shifted deeper and eventually de- stroyed. By November the whole water column has become mixed at an intermediate temperature and remains uniform as it cools to its minimum temperature during the winter. Temperature,°C 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24. Fig. Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of temperature in coastal water off New York, showing the positions of the thermocHne (T) (Modified from Clarke, 1940.) The radiation received from the sun reaches a maximum in June in the North Temperate Zone, but owing to the lag in the heating effect the highest temperatures on land ordinarily occur in July. At the surface of water the maximum heat of the season is not experienced until August, and in subsurface layers the thermal peak is even more delayed. If you imagine yourself a worm living in the bottom mud in the situation represented by Fig. , "summer" for you would not begin until November! In similar fashion the seasons are often com- pletely reversed in deep lakes. This review of the thermal conditions has shown that in the ocean and in lakes there is no temperature too high and no temperature too low for active life of some kind. Temperature changes are much less and much slower than in the terrestrial environment. Further- more, organisms can usually get out of excessively high or low tem- peratures by a short journey into deeper water. In these respects life in the water is much easier than life on land. The results of this. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Clarke, Geo
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookpublishernewyorkwiley, booksubjectecology
