. Railroad construction. Theory and practice. A textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools. By Walter Loring Webb . Fia. 53. the left side would be as usual; there would be a small centercut and an ordinate of zero at a short distance to the right of thecenter. Then, ignoring the fill ^ and applying Eq. 61 strictly,we have two terms for the left side, one for the right, and theterm involving \h^ which will be ^lii in this case, since li^ = 0,and the equation becomes Area = \\xihi -f- yifl — ^i) + x^d + ^Jfhj].The area for fill may also be computed by a strict applicatio
. Railroad construction. Theory and practice. A textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools. By Walter Loring Webb . Fia. 53. the left side would be as usual; there would be a small centercut and an ordinate of zero at a short distance to the right of thecenter. Then, ignoring the fill ^ and applying Eq. 61 strictly,we have two terms for the left side, one for the right, and theterm involving \h^ which will be ^lii in this case, since li^ = 0,and the equation becomes Area = \\xihi -f- yifl — ^i) + x^d + ^Jfhj].The area for fill may also be computed by a strict application. Fig. 54. of Eq. 61, but for Fig. 54 all distances for the left side are zeroand tlie elevation for the first point out is zero, d also must be 102 BAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. § 89. considered as zero. Following the rule, § 81, litexallj, theequation becomes Area(Fin) = ^[x^h + yr{o — K) + z,.{o — h) + iHo + A,-)]? which reduces to {Note that Xy^ Kj etc., have different significations andvalues in this and in the preceding paragraphs.) The terminalpyramids illustrated in Fig. 40 are instances of side-hill workfor very short distances. Since side-hill work always implieshoth cut and fill at the same cross-section, whenever either thecut or fill disappears and the earthwork becomes wholly cut orwholly fill, that point marks the end of the side-hill work,and a cross-section should be taken at this point. 89. Borrow-pits. The cross-sections of borrow-pits will varynot only on account of the undulations of the surface of the
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