. The trackman's helper, a handbook for track foremen, supervisors and engineers . n demonstrated through practical ex-perience that by the use of a properly constructed tieplate the utility of these soft ties may be extended totheir full natural life of twelve years or so, and that,when they are treated with a wood preservative andplaced in track with tie plates, they will probably lastmuch longer. From this it will be seen that tie re-newals on roads using tie plates on soft ties will bemuch less than the requirements where no tie platesare used. The density and compactness of the wood in oa
. The trackman's helper, a handbook for track foremen, supervisors and engineers . n demonstrated through practical ex-perience that by the use of a properly constructed tieplate the utility of these soft ties may be extended totheir full natural life of twelve years or so, and that,when they are treated with a wood preservative andplaced in track with tie plates, they will probably lastmuch longer. From this it will be seen that tie re-newals on roads using tie plates on soft ties will bemuch less than the requirements where no tie platesare used. The density and compactness of the wood in oakand yellow pine ties is sufficient to withstand the de- 315 316 THE TRACKMANS HELPER structive action of the rail on straight track for aperiod often equal to their natural life. On curves ofover three degrees, it has been found necessary to usetie plates to preserve the hard wood ties to the limit oftheir natural life. Avoid adzing in maintenance. The load upon therail due to the wheels traveling over it is both verticaland lateral, according to the surface of the track, mak-. Fig. 77. Various Types of Tie Plates. (1) The Goldie Claw Tie Plate (2) The Harriman Type (3) Dilworth Special Shoulder-Flange Plate (4) Lackawanna Hook Shoulder Plate with Screw Spike (5) Newhall Plate ing the strain greatest on its outer edge, and causingthe outer rail flange to cut down into the fiber of thewood more quickly than the inner. When the rail assumes this canted position the gageis widened; this increases the lateral sway of trainswhich requires that track men draw the spikes, adzethe tie beneath the rail to a level surface and then re- TIE PLATES 317 spike. This adzing requires the tie to be tamped andraised by an amount equal to the depth of adzing, allof which can be saved by the use of a tie plate. Types of tie plates. Some of these are illustratedin Fig. 77. The main dimensions of the Goldie ClawTie Plate are as follows:â Shoulder 14 ^nd % inch Length 7, lYz^ §> 81/2 and 9 inc
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