Diseases of the nervous system : a text-book of neurology and psychiatry . iorcommunicating branch completing the circle of Willis. The middle cerebral arteries lie in the Sylvian fissure, giving off many VASCULAR DISTURBANCES 467 branches to the lenticular nucleus, the internal capsule, portions ofthe thalamus, and superficially irradiate the Island of Reil, Heschlsconvolution, and much of the lateral aspect of the brain. The anterior cerebral arteries supply the frontal areas, the olfactoryapparatus, the upper margin of the frontal, parietal, and occipitallobes on their mesial aspects, and m
Diseases of the nervous system : a text-book of neurology and psychiatry . iorcommunicating branch completing the circle of Willis. The middle cerebral arteries lie in the Sylvian fissure, giving off many VASCULAR DISTURBANCES 467 branches to the lenticular nucleus, the internal capsule, portions ofthe thalamus, and superficially irradiate the Island of Reil, Heschlsconvolution, and much of the lateral aspect of the brain. The anterior cerebral arteries supply the frontal areas, the olfactoryapparatus, the upper margin of the frontal, parietal, and occipitallobes on their mesial aspects, and much of the corpus callosum. The cerebellum derives its supply from the vertebral and basilararteries. Partial compensatory balance of the circulation is brought aboutchiefly through the circle of Willis. This circle, as well as the branches Anterior communicating Anterior cerebral Middle cerebral- Anterior choroid Posterior comviunicating Posterior cerebral Sujyerior cerebellar-BasilarAnterior inferior cerebellar Interior auditorijPosterior inferior cerebellar-Vertebral. Posterior spinal Anterior spinal Fig. 230.—Diagram of the arteries at the base of the brain, including the circle ofWillis. J, anteromedian group of ganglionic branches; II, posteromedian group;III, right and left anterolateral group; IV, right and left posterolateral group. (Gray.) from it, shows a vast number of anomalies, and these in part determinemany anomalous cerebral disturbances, possibly related, as Blackburn,Windle, Bullen, and others have shown, to faulty cerebral development,thereby laying the anatomical foundation for a psychosis or someaberrant vascular disease. Furthermore, such anomalies are of greatsurgical importance.^ The chief cerebral arterial disorders arise from (a) temporaryvascular instability (shock reactions, cardiac irregularities, internalsecretory disturbances), (b) protracted regressive changes (arterio- 1 I. W. Blackburn, Jour. Comp. Neur., 1907, vol. xvii and xx, 1910, 185. 4
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